Kangaroo Facts

Kangaroos are marsupials that are indigenous to the Australian continent. Their scientific name, Macropus, is derived from two Greek words meaning long foot (makros pous). Their most distinctive characteristics are their large hind legs, long feet, and large tail. Kangaroos are unique in that they are the only animals of their size that use hopping as their primary means of movement. Fast Facts: Kangaroo Scientific Name: MacropusCommon Names: Kangaroo, RooOrder: DiprotodontiaBasic Animal Group: MammalsDistinguishing Characteristics: Large hind legs, long feet, large tail and pouch (females)Size: 3 - 7 feet in heightWeight: 50 - 200 poundsLife Span: 8 - 23 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: Forests, plains, savannas, and woodlands in Australia and TasmaniaPopulation: Approximately 40 - 50 millionConservation Status: Least concernFun Fact: Like camels, kangaroos may go for periods of time without drinking water. Description Kangaroos are best known for their powerful hind legs, their large feet, and their long powerful tails. They use their legs and feet to hop around, which is their basic means of locomotion, and their tails for balance. Like other marsupials, females have a permanent pouch for raising their young.  A kangaroos pouch is technically called a marsupium and it performs a number of functions. The female kangaroos breasts, which she uses to nurse her young, are inside her pouch. The pouch also functions similarly to an incubator to allow a joey (baby) to fully develop. Lastly, the pouch has a safety function in that it helps to protect the females young from predators.   Kangaroos are usually between 3 to 7 feet in height. They can weigh up to approximately 200 pounds. Other physical characteristics of kangaroos are their relatively small heads with their large, round ears. Due to their hopping ability, they can leap over long distances. Some males may leap to almost 30 feet in one leap. Eastern Grey Kangaroo, Murramarang National park, New South Wales, Australia.   J and C Sohns/Getty Images Plus Habitat and Distribution Kangaroos live in Australia, Tasmania, and surrounding islands in a variety of habitats such as forests, woodlands, plains, and savannas. Depending on the species, kangaroos occupy different niches in the ecosystem. Diet and Behavior Kangaroos are herbivores and their diet consists mainly of a variety of plants such as grasses, shrubs and flowers. Some species may also eat fungi and moss. Kangaroos live in groups called mobs, also known as troops or herds. These mobs are usually headed by the dominant male in the group.   Similar to cows, kangaroos may regurgitate their food to chew it as cud and then swallow once more. This behavior is much rarer in kangaroos than in ruminant animals. Kangaroo stomachs differ from those of cows and similar animals; while both kangaroos and cows have chambered stomachs, the fermentation process in their respective stomachs is different. Unlike cows, the process in kangaroos doesnt produce as much methane, so kangaroos dont contribute as much to methane emissions globally as cows. Kangaroos are usually active at night and in the early morning hours, but their overall activity pattern is varied. Their rest periods are restricted almost exclusively to a diurnal (during the day) pattern. Similar to camels, they may go for periods of time without drinking water due to their relative inactivity during the day when it is hotter. Since their diet consists of plants, their water needs can be largely satisfied by the water content present in the plants that they eat. Reproduction and Offspring Eastern Grey Kangaroo with Joey in Pouch.   Gary Lewis/Photolibrary/Getty Images Plus Kangaroos have a varied breeding season. Reproduction takes place all year long, but the Australian summer months of December to February are the most common. Male kangaroos may flex their muscles to attract females and can fight for the right to breed with females. Females usually produce one baby kangaroo, called a joey. After becoming impregnated, a kangaroo will have her baby after a gestation period of a little longer than a month (approximately 36 days). The baby joey weighs about .03 of an ounce and is less than one inch in length when born, about the size of a grape. After birth, the joey will use its forelimbs to travel through its mothers fur to her pouch, where it will remain for the first few months of its life. After five to nine months, depending on the species, the joey will typically leave the pouch for brief periods of time. After about nine to eleven months, the joey will leave its mothers pouch for good. Females can enter heat after giving birth, so they may become pregnant while a joey is still nursing in her pouch. The developing baby will enter a dormant state that coincides with their older sibling leaving the mothers pouch. When the older sibling leaves the pouch, the mothers body will send hormonal signals to the developing baby so that it will resume its development. A similar process occurs if the mother is pregnant and the older joey dies in her pouch. Conservation Status Kangaroos are designated as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their population is very abundant and by most estimates, there are more kangaroos in Australia than people. Estimates range from a population of 40 to 50 million kangaroos, which continues to increase. Humans are the main threat to kangaroos since they are hunted for both their meat and their hides. Humans can also contribute to the loss of kangaroo habitat due to land clearing for development. Predator threats include dingos and foxes. Kangaroos use their teeth, claws, and strong hind legs as defense mechanisms against such predators. Species There are four major species of kangaroos. The red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) is the largest. Males of the species have red/brown fur. Other species include the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus), and the antilopine kangaroo (Macropus antilopinus). The eastern grey kangaroo is the second largest species and is known as the great grey species, while the western grey kangaroo is also known as the black-faced kangaroo due to its distinctive facial coloring. The antilopines name means antelope-like and they are found in northern Australia. Some scientists consider there to be six species of kangaroo, including two species of wallaroo (Macropus robustus and Macropus bernardus). Wallaroos are considered to be closely related to both wallabies and kangaroos. Herd of kangaroos at twilight (Coombabah Lake, QLD, Australia).    Kangaroos and Humans Humans and kangaroos have a long and varied interaction pattern with one another. Humans have long used kangaroos for food, clothing, and some types of shelter. Due to their increasing numbers, kangaroos can be viewed as pests, particularly by farmers when kangaroos compete for grazing land. Kangaroos are often present in grasslands and areas that are typical farmland so resource competition may take place. Kangaroos are not typically aggressive when grazing. The situation of farmers seeing kangaroos as pests is similar to how many in the United States may see deer as pests. Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. Kangaroo. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 11 Oct. 2018, www.britannica.com/animal/kangaroo.â€Å"Kangaroo Facts!† National Geographic Kids, 23 Feb. 2017, www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/animals/general-animals/kangaroo-facts/.â€Å"Kangaroo Mob.† PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 21 Oct. 2014, www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/kangaroo-mob-kangaroo-fact-sheet/7444/.â€Å"Kangaroo Reproduction.† Kangaroo Facts and Information, www.kangarooworlds.com/kangaroo-reproduction/.

Frankenstein Emotionally Bound By Mary Shelley - 1745 Words

Victor Frankenstein: Emotionally Bound The creation of life is an extraordinary event which humanity usually attributes to the work of a higher being. Because of this common belief, Mary Shelley’s: Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus often triggers mixed feelings when human Victor Frankenstein experiments and creates the creature known as Frankenstein or Frankenstein’s monster. While it cannot be denied that this accomplishment is impressive, Victor’s right to form life, being a mortal himself, often is debated. Even the title of Shelley’s work causes readers to evaluate Victor’s actions within the context of the Greek God Prometheus, who has been credited with the creation of mankind and the gift of fire to them. Through analysis of Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus as well as older works such as Theogony, and Prometheus: Bound, a comparison and interchangeability between Victor and Prometheus can be made, showing many correlations in the act ions of both characters, despite the fact that Prometheus was often honored while Victor was sometimes scorned. While the actions and traits of both creators have countless parallels, ultimately Victor’s rejection and abandonment of his monster highlights his irresponsibility toward humanity and undeniably separates Victor Frankenstein from the honorable Prometheus. Titan Prometheus is said to have created humanity with water and clay, molding these inert ingredients into living beings. As he formed the human race, heShow MoreRelatedBeating At The Heart Of Paradise Lost Lies A Common Theme1106 Words   |  5 Pagesoutcome for his creations. 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Though many years have passed between the writing of Frankenstein and the making of the Television hit, Dexter, the creator of the show, James Manos Jr., createdRead MoreDangerous Knowledge - Frankenstein Essay examples1264 Words   |  6 PagesChakari Monsanto 12.6.12 AP Literature Frankenstein Dangerous Knowledge From the beginning of time until now the limitless pursuit of knowledge reveals man’s weakness. Modern society provides humans with a wide variety of sources on how to gain knowledge, both good and evil. The thirst for forbidden knowledge beyond what man can essentially handle, causes a tragic life. 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American History X Is An American Crime Movie Directed By...

American History X is an American crime movie directed by Tony Kaye and produced by John Morrissey in October 1998. It tells the astonishing tale of two Venice, Los Angeles brothers who become skinheads through the neo-Nazi movement and strived to make the white American culture more efficient. It stars Edward Norton as Derek Vineyard, Edward Furlong as Danny Vineyard, Stacy Each as Cameron Alexander, and Avery Brooks as Dr. Bob Sweeney. This essay will focus on the deviant behavior committed by some of the people in this movie. Further, it will discuss different theories as to why they committed the crimes. The three aspects that will be discussed are Differential Association Theory, Reaction Formation Theory, and which one serves as a better explanation. The main plot of the movie is focused on Derek Vineyard and his younger brother Danny Vineyard, both white Americans. After their father had died by black men, Derek got reeled into the neo-Nazi movement, by Cameron Alexander, w ho is considered â€Å"the biggest distributor of white power literature.† Derek had thought the murder was typical because this country is â€Å"becoming a haven for criminals decent. Hard working people like my dad are getting robbed out by social parasites like blacks and browns† (Kaye, Morrissey, 1998). He believed everything was race related and minorities have only come here to exploit America. However, he refused to admit that he was part of a â€Å"bunch of rednecks like the KKK† (Kaye, Morrissey,

DBQ Essay Eve of the Revolution free essay sample

The English government had increased taxes on goods and also made new acts, this anger the colonies and Increased a sense of unity, which helped form, what is now the united States of America. The French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War, was the first time the colonies united against a common enemy. In 1754 Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union, his plan was to unite and place the colonies under a more centralized government. Even though the plan was not carried out, it was a step closer to the unification of the colonies.In fact, a famous political cartoon was publish y the Pennsylvania Gazette newspaper known as Join, or Die. This cartoon emphasizes that the colonies need to unite to survive; a snake cut up Into pieces and each piece being a different colony Illustrates the need for unification (Document A). After the end of the Seven Years War in 1763 Britain started increasing taxes and creating new acts in order to pay for the war damage; the Stamp Act in 1765, Tax Imports, the Tea Act In 1773 and the Intolerable Acts In 1774 are great examples. We will write a custom essay sample on DBQ Essay Eve of the Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result the colonies boycotted, protested, and wrote protests to the king, this helped to unify the colonies even more than before. On February 1774 Richard Henry Lee declared the colonies as united and to have the right to defend their freedom and liberties from the English parliament (Document C). Additionally, on September 1774 the colonies formed the First Continental Congress In Philadelphia. They wrote the Declaration for the Causes of Taking up Arms to England that expressed that the colonies are prepared to fight for their freedom and liberty at any cost (Document E).Shortly after the first shot of the revolution was fire on April 18th, 1775 in Lexington ND Concord, and a year later the Second Continental Congress wrote the Declaration of Independence. These two major events show how the colonies were so strongly unify and had a sense of belonging. What also increased the need for independence and unity was that most of the colonists TLD identify with the British anymore, Hector SST. John Occurred wrote In Letters from an American Farmer that an American is someone who has left most of its European ancestry behind and learns new manners. Occurred believes that 1 OFF (Document H).Also, by 1775 most of the colonists wanted to rebel mostly do to Thomas Pained Common Sense pamphlet that convinced people to Join the Revolution. Later next year Edmund Burke wrote Notes for Speech in Parliament, which express similar ideas a Panniers Common Sense, Burke expressed that Britain could not rule the colonies because it was physically impossible do to the great distance that the ocean puts between them (Document B). Do to the great distance between the American colonies and England it made it easy for the colonies to create their own culture and leave European traditions behind.Even though most of the colonists were in favor of the revolution there were still some that were against it, the loyalists, or those who were neutral about it. Matter Bales states that politics is the same as always, false talk (promises), and that to choose whats better a ruler under their noses or one miles away (Document D). While Peter Oliver, a loyalist, refers to the revolution as an act of pride, ambition, and resentment towards the English parliament that has only been good to the colonist (Document F).Even though most of the colon ist were united and were in favored of he revolution, their were still a few that were loyal to the mother country. Throughout the years of 1750 and 1776, the colonies established the Continental Congress, declare independence, fought and protested for their freedoms and liberties, and created their own identity as Americans. Even though they still have more to come on their way the colonist managed to do great things. Overall, the colonies were able to unite against their common enemy, England, and gain independence from the strongest nation in the world at the time to form the United States of America.

What impact did the Vikings have on North Britain Essay Example For Students

What impact did the Vikings have on North Britain Essay What impact did the Vikings have on North Britain? Shortly before the ninth century, North-west Europe was exposed to raids and attacks from the Scandinavians. They had discovered the wealth that could be obtained from the richer communities of Britain and Frankia, both in currency and natural resources (the latter being found especially in Ireland). As time went on, during the course of the ninth century, the leaders of the attacks on these countries grew more ambitious and soon there were different motives for raiding these places. Many leaders had become content to stay and settle permanently in these abundantly icher countries. This process of Viking settlement led to the integration of two cultures, between the peoples of the settled countries and the Vikings, this integration enveloped languages and religion mainly. This essay will seek to distinguish what impact the Scandinavian settlement had on the region of North Britain, in particular Scotland and the islands surrounding the coast of Scotland. We will write a custom essay on What impact did the Vikings have on North Britain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Firstly to be able to fully assess what impact was had, one firstly must look at the nature of society and settlement before the Scandinavian invasion. By the end of the Roman occupation in Britain, the area that we now call Scotland consisted of many different Kingdoms. There were four distinct groups within the borders that are now Scotland. In the east were the Picts with Kingdom between Forth and Shetland. While in the West the people of Dal Riata, the Goidelic speakers, with their royal fortress in Argyll. Then there were the Brythonic peoples in the South making the Kingdom of Strathclyde with their centre being Dunbarton Rock and finally the English or Angles who settled in the South East. At the beginning of the Viking raids into North Britain he region had been divided into four ethnic groups of Britons, English, Gaels and Picts. Or rather three distinct political regions, Northumbria, Pictland and Strathclyde, into which further there were a multitude of various kingships and lordships, creating a somewhat complex web of power during this time. Eventually it would come down between the Gaels and Picts, were power was regularly disputed between the two. However by the 8th Century the distinctiveness of the two peoples had clearly lessened, bloodlines had been diluted by marriage in what one assumes ere attempts at bridging peace or gaining pre-eminence over the other. Unfortunately the records of much of early Scottish History are not written, with many lost or destroyed, which can make a survey of pre-Viking Scotland somewhat difficult. There is little to no written evidence between the Seventh Century text of Adamnans Life of Columba and Tactitus account of Agricola, leaving around five centuries of history in the dark. Despite this we are still able to make fair assumptions due to details and evidence in various different texts including the Orkneyinga Saga and Irish and English annals and chronicles. However it is still important to treat these texts with care considering the Norse Saga was written by an unknown Icelandic scribe while the annals and chronicles are susceptible to certain bias. One of the most often popular citations from the Anglo Saxon Chronicle; an entry under 793, terrifying the people most woefully: these were immense sheets of light rushing through the air, and whirlwinds, and fiery, dragons flying across the firmament. These tremendous tokens were soon followed by a great famine: and not long after, on the ixth day before the ides of January in the same year, the harrowing inroads of heathen men made lamentable havoc in the church of God in Holy-island, by rapine and slaughter. The extract describing the Viking raid on Lindisfarne; this is often considered the opening deluge into Viking attacks in Britain. In 795 the Vikings sacked Iona, in 802 they burned it and in 806 they killed sixty eight of the community living on the island. This was the first attack in close proximity to Scotland. Theyre had been previous attacks on other areas such as Lindisfarne and Rechru which is ow Rathlin Island off the north coast of Antrim, as it is recorded in the An nals of Ulster, The burning of Rechru by the heathens, and Sci was overwhelmed and laid waste. Again the Annals of Ulster mention the abruptness of the devastation of all the islands of Britain by pagans. Soon after, Orkney, Shetland and the majority of the western Isles had fallen to the new Scandinavian settlers. In 839, the Vikings had enjoyed a major victory in which the King of Fortriu, Eogan mac Oengusa and the King of Dal Riata, Aed mac Boanta were both killed in battle. In 867 the Vikings had eized control of Northubria forming the Kingdom of York . .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 , .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 .postImageUrl , .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 , .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89:hover , .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89:visited , .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89:active { border:0!important; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89:active , .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89 .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u68b5a98392648d411d7e3a511fd39e89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus1 EssayWhich is also mentioned in the Annals of Ulster; The dark foreigners won a battle over the northern Saxons at York. Approximately three years after, Dunbarton was also taken over as well, leaving a newly combined Pictish and Gaelic kingdom which had been brought together by Cinead mac Alpin ( or more commonly known as Kenneth Alpin), leaving the Kingdom almost entirely encircled by the new Scandinavian settlers The usual perception of Vikings plays reference to their role mainly as raiders, being disruptive and destructive. However conquerors and colonists made a more positive contribution by encouraging commerce, the growth of towns and re-shaping political structures. We can see this by the fact that much of North England had been reshaped due to the formation of Danelaw. During the 890s the Danes had even introduced a new currency within Danelaw. The impact of the Viking commerce that took place in towns and cities within Danelaw should not go un-noticed; cities such as York remained for centuries after a place of importance in terms of trade and wealth. The fact that they introduced new coinages shows the impact that they had n the politics of the areas they settled and similarly the law codes that they issued in the names of King Edgar and King Knut, would suggest that they did have a greater impact than what the lack of evidence would suggest. Further north in Britain, areas may have experienced different levels of influence such as the Orkneys or the Hebrides, unlike most other areas of Scotland, land was not fertile and offered little in means of agriculture, however these Eastern Isles of Scotland had fertile lands, landscapes conducive to farming and more than not, the new Scandinavian settlers most likely helped to exploit this. The Norse presence heavily influenced Scotlands language. Undoubtedly the gaelic language more than like must have undergone minor changes throughout the centuries preceding the arrival of the Norse settlers. The Norse domination of the Hebrides lasted for almost 500 years, until the conclusion of the Treaty of Perth in 1266, and the Scandinavian language century. While in Orkney and the Shetlands remained under the control of the Scandinavians until they were pledged in 1468-69 by King Christian I of Denmark to the Scottish crown, and the Scandinavian language remained until as late as the ighteenth century. However the native languages of the Northern Isles underwent a complete Norse transformation. Despite this, the gaelic language in the end did prevail, but the Norse dominance can still be seen today, particularly in places names, such as on the Isle of Lewis where four fifths of the place names are Norse. It is slightly harder to determine the extent to which the Vikings influenced religion in North Britain, or where they themselves were influenced by religion. The Viking impact is assumed to be damaging, but in order to fully understand this we would eed to have a clear idea on what the pre-existing structures, in this case, the Church were already like. Indeed many Viking studies have made assumptions about the social nature and political practices in Viking Scotland (which may need to be revised). However it may be a fair assumption to make, that like in many other areas throughout Britain, the Vikings had quickly accepted Christianity and therefore a parallel may be able to be drawn in such places like Scotland also. The Viking settlement in the North may have accidently played an early role in the creation of odern day Scotland or Alba. Where previsously before the land had been divided between Picland, Strathclyde and Dal Riata. The new settlers almost acted as a catalyst in uniting these separate Kingdoms together against a common enemy the Norse. The extent of the Viking impact in North Britain is still today a largely unanswered one, the lack of written evidence from the area adds to making the task harder. However based on other evidence from sources of the same time such as the Annals of Ulster or the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles one can gain a fair idea of the impact which was had. .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 , .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 .postImageUrl , .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 , .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574:hover , .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574:visited , .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574:active { border:0!important; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574:active , .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574 .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udd8a7db159e595da1a1bf5ef6e601574:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Emerging Waterborne Pathogens EssayThe fact that the islands of Orkney and the Hebrides remained under Viking control for a such a long period of time is a clear marker of the impact which was had. To add to this is he linguistic impression on place names in North Britain still stands today as evidence of what was once a Scandinavian dominated area and culture as well. Bibliography; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, (transl. Rev. James Ingram. ), (London, 1823), (Everyman Press, London, 1912), electronic edition (ed. ) Douglas B. Killings Ouly 1996), http://omacl. org/ Anglo/part2. html, Accessed 14/4/13 Annals of Ulster, S. Mac Airt G. Mac Niocaills, (Dublin, 1983), electronic edition compiled by P? ¤draig Bambury, Stephen Beechinor, Funded by University College, Cork and Professor Marianne McDonald via the CELT Project. http://www. ucc. ie/celt/online/T100001A/ accessed (14/4/13) Burns, W. E, A Brief History of Great Britain (New York, 2009) Fellows-Jenson, Gillian, Viking Settlement in the Northen and Western Isles- the Place-Name Evidence as seen from Denmark and the Danelaw, Fenton and Pallison (ed. ), The Northern and Western Isles in the Viking World (Edinburgh, 1984) Hadley, Dawn, Viking Raids and Conquest, Pauline Stafford (ed. ), A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c. 500-1100(Oxford, 2009) Hearn, J. , Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture (Edinburgh, 2000) Keay, John Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland (London, Vikings, ed Peter Sawyer, (Oxford and New York, 1997) Lynch, Michael, Scotland; A New History, (London, 1992) Mitchison, R. A History of Scotland (London, 2002) Sawyer, P. H, Kings and Vikings, (London and New York, 1982) Snyder, C. A, The Britons (Oxford, 2003) www. royalsoced. org. uk/cms/files/events/reports/2005-2006/ the_vikings_in_scotland. pdf

Essay on The Social Security DebateEssay Writing Service

Essay on The Social Security DebateEssay Writing Service Essay on The Social Security Debate Essay on The Social Security DebateIntroduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Domhoff’s book Who Rules America: Power and Politics, the author is focused on sociological analysis of important issues that help to better understand how class and power work in the United States. The information provided by William Domhoff allows the reader to critically assess the key skills of competent citizenship. Assessing two organizations, Booking Institution and Heritage Foundation, it is necessary to take into consideration social security issues discussed in the book. Social security debate involves different opinions of the effectiveness of the existing social security policy (Greider, 2005). William Domhoff has developed criticism of the organizational or institutional capacity of the U.S. political and business elite in shaping public opinion. William Domhoff believes that public opinion can be used to move social security policy only in the context of politic al agendas of powerful political and business elites (Domhoff, 2014).The Social Security Debate: Assessment of Two OrganizationsBrookings Institution1) The organization Brookings Institution is a non-profit public policy organization headquartered in Washington, DC. The organization’s mission is â€Å"to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations that advance three broad goals: strengthen American democracy; foster the economic and social welfare, security and opportunity of all Americans; and secure a more open, safe, prosperous and cooperative international system† (Brookings Institution, Official Website, 2014).2) The political viewpoint of this organization can be characterized as corporate-conservative organization. Brookings Institution serves as an effective coordination mechanism.   According to Domhoff (2014),   â€Å"Brookings Institution is â€Å"mainstream or on the right wi ng†(97).3) Brookings Institution is a non-profit public policy organization. It is involved in the policu planning process. The organization has direct relation to the model of class, power and politics discussed by Domhoff in his book. Brookings Institution is considered to be a think tank in the U.S., which is focused on international development issues, domestic economic policy and social policy implementation.4) The views about social security expressed at the organizations’ website are different.   According to some experts, â€Å"Social Security is that action should be taken as soon as possible to close the projected long-term imbalance† (Aaron, 2013, p.1). It has been found that social security faces a crisis today. Researchers state the U.S. Social Security benefits are lower than in other developed countries. They claim that â€Å"the lifetime value of U.S. Social Security benefits is 40 percent lower than the average of those nations† (Aaron, 2013, p.1). According to the official information provided by Brookings Institution, social security policy launched in 1935, has provided millions of American citizens with the requires amount of income for retirement. However, today â€Å"more money is collected in Social Security taxes from workers than is paid out to retirees† (Social Security policy, 2014, p.1). However, the situation will be changes as â€Å"baby boomers† start to retire and the workforce shrinks due to the recession. The U.S. government provides various strategies to fill the gap, e.g. increased borrowing and taxes or paying fewer benefits.5) My own critical evaluation of this site is based on the validity of information provided by the organization.   The facts are properly stated and documented. The interpretations are convincingly supported by facts and other evidence, such as documents. The policy proposals are convincing.Heritage Foundation1) Heritage Foundation  is a well-known researc h and educational institution that was founded in 1973. The organization’s mission is â€Å"to formulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong national defense† (Heritage Foundation, Official Website, 2014).2) The political viewpoint of this organization can be characterized as ultra conservative.   According to Domhoff (2014), Heritage Foundation hires â€Å"young ultra conservatives who are willing to attack all government programs† (97).3) Heritage Foundation is non-profit organization, which is involved in the opinion shaping process. The activity of this organization relates to the model of class, power and politics discussed by Domhoff in his book. The organization pursues its goals by conducting accurate research on significant policy issues, and sharing these findings with the primary audiences, including the members of the U .S. Congress, the staff members of Congress, the key policymakers, the nation’s news media representatives, as well as the members of the policy communities (Heritage Foundation, Official Website, 2014).4) The issue regarding social security is discussed at the organization’s website. The organization is focused on negative opinion regarding current social security policy. According to experts, â€Å"Social Security’s finances significantly worsened last year, according to the 2012 trustees report, because of a weakened economy and structural problems with the program†(Heritage Foundation, Official Website, 2014).5) My critical evaluation of the site is based on the information provided by the organization. The facts are properly stated and documented. The interpretations are convincingly supported by facts and statistical data. The policy proposals are clear and convincing.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to co nclude that both organizations involved in the social security debate agree with the fact that social security faces a crisis today. Considerable changes in social security policy should be made to solve current social security problems. The U.S. government should improve economic system in order to develop effective social security programs, paying due attention to the U.S. demographics.

Understanding and Processing Keyboard Events in Delphi

Understanding and Processing Keyboard Events in Delphi Keyboard events, along with mouse events, are the primary elements of a users interaction with your program. Below is information on three events that let you capture a users keystrokes in a Delphi application: OnKeyDown, OnKeyUp and OnKeyPress. Down, Up, Press, Down, Up, Press... Delphi applications can use two methods for receiving the input from the keyboard. If a user has to type something in an application, the easiest way to receive that input is to use one of the controls that automatically responds to keypresses, such as Edit. At other times and for more general purposes, however, we can create procedures in a form that handle three events recognized by forms and by any component that accepts keyboard input. We can write event handlers for these events to respond to any key or key combination the user might press at runtime. Here are those events: OnKeyDown - called when any key on the keyboard is pressedOnKeyUp - called when any key on the keyboard is releasedOnKeyPress - called when a key corresponding to an ASCII character is pressed Keyboard Handlers All the keyboard events have one parameter in common. The Key parameter is the key on the keyboard and is used to pass by reference of the value of the pressed key. The Shift parameter (in the OnKeyDown and OnKeyUp procedures) indicates whether the Shift, Alt, or Ctrl keys are combined with the keystroke. The Sender parameter references the control that was used to call the method. procedure TForm1.FormKeyDown(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState) ; ... procedure TForm1.FormKeyUp(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState) ; ... procedure TForm1.FormKeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char) ; Responding when the user presses shortcut or accelerator keys, such as those provided with menu commands, does not require writing event handlers. What Is Focus? Focus is the ability to receive user input through the mouse or keyboard. Only the object that has the focus can receive a keyboard event. Also, only one component per form can be active, or have the focus, in a running application at any given time. Some components, such as TImage, TPaintBox, TPanel and TLabel cannot receive focus. In general, components derived from TGraphicControl are unable to receive focus. Additionally, components that are invisible at run time (TTimer) cannot receive focus. OnKeyDown, OnKeyUp The OnKeyDown and OnKeyUp events provide the lowest level of keyboard response. Both OnKeyDown and OnKeyUp handlers can respond to all keyboard keys, including function keys and keys combined with the Shift, Alt, and Ctrl keys. The keyboard events are not mutually exclusive. When the user presses a key, both the OnKeyDown and OnKeyPress events are generated, and when the user releases the key, the  OnKeyUp event is generated. When the user presses one of the keys that OnKeyPress does not detect, only the  OnKeyDown event occurs, followed by the  OnKeyUp event. If you hold down a key, the OnKeyUp event occurs after all the OnKeyDown and OnKeyPress events have occurred. OnKeyPress OnKeyPress returns a different ASCII character for g and G, but OnKeyDown and OnKeyUp do not make a distinction between uppercase and lowercase alpha keys. Key and Shift Parameters Since the Key parameter is passed by reference, the event handler can change Key so that the application sees a different key as being involved in the event. This is a way to limit the kinds of characters that the user can input, like to prevent users from typing alpha keys. if Key in [a..z] [A..Z] then Key : #0 The above statement checks whether the Key parameter is in the union of two sets: lowercase characters (i.e. a  through z) and uppercase characters (A-Z). If so, the statement assigns the character value of zero to Key to prevent any input into the Edit component, for example, when it receives the modified key. For non-alphanumeric keys, WinAPI virtual key codes can be used to determine the key pressed. Windows defines special constants for each key the user can press. For example, VK_RIGHT is the virtual key code for the Right Arrow key. To get the key state of some special keys like TAB or PageUp, we can use the GetKeyState Windows API call. The key status specifies whether the key is up, down, or toggled (on or off - alternating each time the key is pressed). if HiWord(GetKeyState(vk_PageUp)) 0 then ShowMessage(PageUp - DOWN) else ShowMessage(PageUp - UP) ; In the OnKeyDown and OnKeyUp events, Key is an unsigned Word value that represents a Windows virtual key. In order to get the character value from Key,  we use the Chr function. In the OnKeyPress event, Key is a Char value that represents an ASCII character. Both OnKeyDown and OnKeyUp events use the Shift parameter, of type TShiftState, a set flags to determine the state of the Alt, Ctrl, and Shift keys when a key is pressed. For example, when you press Ctrl A, the following key events are generated: KeyDown (Ctrl) // ssCtrl KeyDown (CtrlA) //ssCtrl A KeyPress (A) KeyUp (CtrlA) Redirecting Keyboard Events to The Form To trap keystrokes at the form level instead of passing them to the forms components, set the forms KeyPreview property to True (using the Object Inspector). The component still sees the event, but the form has an opportunity to handle it first - to allow or disallow some keys to be pressed, for example. Suppose you have several Edit components on a form and the Form.OnKeyPress procedure looks like: procedure TForm1.FormKeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char) ; begin if Key in [0..9] then Key : #0 end; If one of the Edit components has the Focus,  and the  KeyPreview property of a form is False, this code will not execute. In other words, if the user presses the 5 key, the 5 character will appear in the focused Edit component. However, if the KeyPreview is set to True, then  the forms OnKeyPress event is executed before the Edit component sees the key that is pressed. Again, if the user has pressed the 5 key, then it assigns the character value of zero to Key to prevent numerical input into the Edit component.