Clinical Educational Experience Essay

Educating the family and or the community is a role that every nurse must participate in to promote, maintain, and restore health among them. To accomplish such requires family members receive and have a practical understanding of health-related information. One method to accomplish such is to develop a health educational plan. The health education plan based upon information collected from a windshield survey and Friedman family assessment conducted, Areas that will be discussed include, a description of the educational need based upon assessment findings, educational goals and objectives, educational methods that will be used to implement the health educational plan, and the methods applied to evaluate the educator and process used in the development and implementation of the health education plan. I also include the health tools used to educated family, and Identification of a Health Educational Need. MBG elderly Diabetic type I, smoker, strike, demanding, uncaring, undetached from the family. JBG also elderly depressed and heavy drinker, son flat affect with family, dysfunctional family. Cultural, religious, ethnic, and personal upbringings are variables that are considered to gain a basic understanding of the family framework. Being old fashion hard cord Catholic is hard to make them understand that what you preach in the community you have to practice at home. According to NANDA, Nursing diagnosis for this family that I have encounter: 1) Impaired verbal communication as evidence by controlling, undermining from mother and lack of family connectedness. 2) Stress overload evidenced by busy work day, lack of time to relax, and sleep deprivation, and 3) Risk for suicide as evidence by father excessive drinking and mopping around wondering what is the point. Resolutions as follow: 1) Establish common goals, complementary roles, and ongoing  constructive relationships between the health provider and family members, family counseling and individual counseling. 2) Mental health is essential to a person’s well-being, healthy family and interpersonal relationships, and the ability to live a full and productive life. People, stress with untreated mental health disorders are at high risk for many unhealthy and unsafe behaviors, including alcohol or drug abuse, violent or self-destructive behavior, and suicide. Brochure was given to the family, Stress overload and attempted to cover depression and communication into the education knowing that dinking, depressing, and risk of suicide are very touchy subjects. Family was hesitant at the beginning but did pay attention and glanced over brochure gave them names of hospital and web site that they can surge for help. Nurses must be conscious of their responses and actions that may inadvertent ly affect the patient’s response. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring uses a contemporary, holistic framework designed by using multiple disciplines to care for individuals and those within a community. So as a nurse we must be always be considerate about of the family as whole and include the community that will be affected. A learning motivation based upon personal need. The adult’s motivation to learn is derived from the developmental needs of the individual. â€Å"The adult †¦comes into an educational activity largely because he is experiencing some inadequacy in coping with current life problems† (Knowles, 1972, p. 36). References Depression and how to help out. Retrieved from: www. http://lib.calpoly.edu/support/how-to/find-articles/Depression. Healthy People 2020.gov (June, 2014) US Department of Health and Human Services retrieved from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/LHI/injuryViolence.aspx Knowles, M.S. (1972). Innovations in teaching styles and approaches based upon adult learning. Journal of Education for Social Work, 8, 2, 32-39. Nanda: nursing diagnosis Care Plan/Nursing Diagnosis/ Nursing Diagnoses List 2013 retrieved From www.nanda.org Nursing Diagnosis Handbook, 9th Edition: By Betty J. Ackley, MSN, EdS, RN and Gail B. Ladwig, MSN, RN ISBN: 9780323089210, copyright: 2014, Mosby. The Friedman family assessment model form retrieved from: https://portal.phonex.edu/mediallibrary/embedreader.urn:isbn9780130608246: friedman University of Illinois library. Retrieved from: http://openurl.library.uiuc.edu/sfxlcl3?rft.object_id=17160000000000289&svc.fulltext

Machiavelli Ruler Essay

Elizabeth’s religious and political policies displayed her cunning characteristics of being both loved. Her use of justification by force rather than law was effective and was a main reason for her success. The Queen surrounded herself with shrewd and wise advisors but also carefully questioned the motives of her closest consultants. In Machiavellian style, Elizabeth’s religious policy fluctuated between toleration and repression according to the needs of the present time. But despite the conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants, Elizabeth still pursued a middle way between the feuding religions. In the Elizabethan Settlement, Elizabeth and Parliament required conformity in the Church of England but allowed people to worship Protestantism and Catholicism privately. In the Thirty-Nine Articles, Elizabeth defined the Anglican Church as following the Protestant doctrine but keeping the Catholic hierarchy. The Queen abolished presbytery structure and other corrupt church practices but kept a centralized figure head (monarchy). Elizabeth as well showed little mercy to anyone who threatened her rule. Religious extremists such as Puritans and Catholics were given a choice to reform or be exiled in Elizabeth’s Conventicle Act. Because of these actions, Elizabeth is also considered a politique: she put political over religious matters. Another example of Elizabeth following the Machiavellian concept is her refusal of marriage to King Philip II of Spain. Elizabeth was married to her country and did not want a King to come along and change the religion and take all her power. In her foreign policy, she was systematic because it was designed to keep her in power. One example of a threat to Elizabeth’s power was Mary Queen of Scots. Many of Elizabeth’s Catholic enemies wanted to see her replaced by Mary. Because of the many threats Elizabeth received from her, Mary was executed, despite being Elizabeth’s relative. Elizabeth killed Mary for the good of England and did not let any person interfere with her ruling. Although Elizabeth dealt horribly with those who tried to overthrow her, Elizabeth’s people loved her even after her death because of her strong command of respect and loyalty. By following the Machiavellian style, Queen Elizabeth I became seen as one of the most influential ruler who led England successfully. In French history, Prince Henry of Navarre is known as being Machiavellian. Prince Henry, who although was Protestant, converted to a Catholic for the good of France. Since the Bourbon Prince was Protestant and a legal heir to the French throne, it posed a problem because of France being strongly Catholic. Although there was an attempt by Henry III to grant Huguenots almost complete freedom in the Peace of Beaulieu, it fails and Henry III seeks aid from Henry of Navarre. After Henry III dies, Prince Henry of Navarre succeeds him and becomes King Henry IV. Because Spain was intervening in other matters, Henry IV became stronger in his rule. He was widely liked by France and did what was best for the country. The King put his politics and image with the French people before his religion. He converted from Calvinism to Catholicism to please the masses of France. In the Edict of Nantes, Henry made a formal religious settlement for the Huguenots. The Huguenots received religious toleration and private worshipping outside of Paris. The Edict was considered a truce rather than religious tolerance as it gave the Huguenots protection. King Henry issued the edict in order to save the national unity of France. He saved France from religious turmoil even if it meant for him to give up his own religion. â€Å"Paris is worth the mass† is one of his famous sayings. He asserts that it is more important to secure the unity and safety of a nation than to not be stubborn and not follow the mass. King Henry IV was one of the most popular French kings, both during and after his reign. He showed great care for the welfare of his subjects and displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the time. King Henry sacrificed a great amount for the good of his country by putting political over religious matters and doing whatever it takes to reach success. Machiavelli has had enormous influence on the world’s successful rulers. People like Queen Elizabeth I and King Henry IV ruled their country with great attention. These rulers were war wise, noble, brave, strong, and kept faith in others at a minimum. Elizabeth and Henry did what was best for their country, even if it meant sacrificing religion. They used any means to stay in power. Elizabeth I and Henry IV truly displayed Machiavellian characteristics through the way they used their power.

A Bad Experience and What I Learned From It Essay

When my dad asked if I wanted to participate in a recital contest, which was citywide, I agreed without hesitation. I was a proud peacock thinking that it was impossible for me not to win, so I neglected practicing. But when I turned on the microphone, I was faced with a problem: What was the stunning opening line that I used to start speeches with? I was too arrogant to start with the common â€Å"Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,† when I really couldn’t think of anything else. So there I stood, face ashen, eyes wide, holding on to the last hope that the lines would pop up. They didn’t, and the bell rang. I walked miserably off stage, trying hard not to trip to retain what little dignity I had left. The audience was quiet, and I was not used to it. Well goes the say,† No pain, no gain.† Were it not for the loss, I wouldn’t know the importance and essentiality of previous drills and being humble. Since then, I always make sure I practice till the last minute for anything that is to come. Read more:  No Pain No Gain Essay

Strategic management of human resources management Essay

Strategic management of human resources management - Essay Example This type of relationship exist between co-workers, and between workers and supervisors, they help employees to listen to others, understanding of acceptance, team building, understanding of workers life issues, avoiding discrimination and in conflict resolution. Employment partnership-it can be defined as the way partnership is developed in the work place and this type of partnership has been seen to help an organisation to be more productive. It involves building strong bonds of relationship in an organisation. Employment partnership is a way forward in integrating employees, such relationships play a major role in environmental scanning, and this can be viewed as the identifying and analyzing external opportunities and threats that may be crucial to the company's success. This partnership is beneficial to the worker and the organization, workers have different needs and therefore their benefits and job security are major determinants of their performance. Consultation of workers is also a major determinant of performance; the employees should be briefed and involved in decision making of an organization. Workers should be allowed to raise their views and opinions in decision making. Communication with employees should include discussion on the overall progress, agreeing on potential progress, discussing how current performance is in line with the long term goals and planning on actions to be undertaken to improve the organization current state. HOW EMPLOYEE.PARTNERSHIP FIT WITH SHRM The main goal of forming these relationships in an organization is to improve on productivity and efficiency of the organization. This will help in reviewing on the overall progress, an organization that creates an environment based on understanding; better communication and honesty will be successful. The company is in a position to resolve conflicts that result and therefore this does not affect its performance. The relationships that exist helps achieve goals because they help match personal needs with work life. This type of relationships help build trust in the work place, training is the most useful tool in forming this type of partnership because attitude change is difficult and therefore t

The Building of a Hamiltonian America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Building of a Hamiltonian America - Essay Example Hamilton viewed the country as as an integrated system that needed a strong Federal government and expansive national programs. By 1820, America was still largely rural and had an agricultural based economy. However, 1820 also ushered in the vision of Hamilton's America due to the country's common interests, the industrial revolution, and the close-knit nature of the New America. There was general agreement that using state governments to grant corporate charters was a benefit to the economy and the people. Hamilton had worked for a national banking system since the late 18th century and in 1816 President Madison signed a bill creating the Second National Bank (Nash et al. 261,262, Henretta, Brody and Dumenil 250,251). This was a common interest that was shared by the people in an effort to develop a common form of commerce. The War of 1812 also served to create a common goal across the country. At this point, people were just beginning to view America as a nation. The war had been viewed as a national problem and initiated a surge of postwar nationalism that was followed by a period of "national unification and economic development" (Nash et al 320). The era of national pride and the banking system were two common interests that set the stage for further development. The national banking system and Hamilton's ideas on debt financing had come to be an important part of the industrial revolution. By 1820, Jefferson's view of rural America was beginning to change. There was greater trade and greater productivity. Mechanization had begun to stimulate the economy. Between 1790 and 1820, the average income for Americans rose by 30% (Henretta, Brody, and Dumenil 293). Agriculture was mechanizing and changing the face of the rural South. Though there was still a philosophical split between the North and South, the feelings of nationalism and a strong federal presence were being felt throughout America that was being fueled by the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution and the complexities of a national banking system required that there be close association between the people of the country. This was made possible by improvements in transportation and communication. The national investment in roads had cut travel times between major cities in the East by half by the early 1800s. By 1818, the trip from Cumberland Maryland to Wheeling West Virginia on the Ohio River had been reduced from 8 to 3 days (Nash et al. 321). In addition steamboats were traveling the Mississippi and Ohio taking cargo and passengers around the country. This intermingling of trade and ideas further strengthened Hamilton's picture of America. The people were also brought together by the proliferation of the printed word. In the 1790s fewer than 100 newspapers were published, but this number ballooned to over 1000 by 1830 (Nash et al. 322). The ability to mix trade, thoughts, ideas, and the printed word formed the basis of a strong federal union. In conclusion, both Jefferson and Hamilton have formed today's America. Americans treasure their independence and individual freedom as espoused by Jefferson. American's are also dependent on the strong federal system that promotes unity and cooperation among the states. By 1820 and the establishment of the Second National Bank, America was beginning to look like Hamilton's vision. The nationalistic spirit

Islam Religion Field Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Islam Religion Field - Research Paper Example It is partially due to the very reality that faith in the Supreme Being is in the basic human instinct, which could not be denied or ignored altogether. â€Å"The critical difference between a religious and non-religious person is the acceptance of the transcendent, or otherworldliness, as the first reality. The transcendent provides a vehicle for meaning outside life itself and because, to the religious person, it has ontological primacy over the material world it provides a solid grounding.† (Prevos, 2005:3) Hence, religion gives meaning to human life, by making people oriented with the morality, ethics, values and systematic patterns of acting, reacting and behaving while entering into interaction with the social and natural environment. Thousands of religious belief systems exist on the face of the mother-earth, which maintain several similarities and differences from one another in nature, scope and teachings. In the long list of countless beliefs, Abrahamic faiths, inclu ding Judaism, Christianity and Islam, are quite distinguishing ones from the rest, and seek inspiration from one and the same light. Not only this that the Holy Scriptures of these three faiths narrate the same tales, but also all the three share one and the same mythology including the Oneness of God, existence of the holy prophets, angels, heaven and hell, Day of Resurrection and life after death., and reward and punishment on the concrete foundations of the deeds and misdeeds performed and committed respectively during their stay on earth as mortals. Although the Abrahamic religions are similar to one another in different ways, the followers of these faiths abhor each other and observe serious reservations on the basis of the misconceptions they have developed for one another without conducting any in-depth research on the philosophy and doctrine of purported rival faiths. It is therefore all the three Abrahamic faiths appear to be at daggers drawn against one another, where slig htest space of displaying tolerance towards one another has turned out to be a dream particularly during the contemporary times. The same was the situation with me, as being the true follower of the Christian faith, I viewed Islam as the religion consisted of extremists and fundamentalists, which condemned and censured people’s mixing up with the Jews and Christians as well as developing cordial social and corporate relationships with them at any cost. I also view the Muslims as hard-hearted nation, which looks down upon the others by declaring them pagans, atheists and infidels. Keeping in mind all these reservations, I decided to attend a religious gathering arranged and organized by the Muslims for some spiritual and moral purpose, so that I could have personal experience of the teachings and behavior adopted and observed by the Muslims. Though I had developed the very idea that interviewing some religious person at an Islamic center might bring some alteration in my estab lished onion about the Muslims, yet attending of the gathering brought revolutionary changes in my views about the community I had maintained serious reservations in past, and I returned from there carrying new image about Islam and Muslims at large. Last week I visited a mosque, situated in my city during the month of Ramadan, the ninth month according to the Islamic calendar. The month is reserved for fasting, and the Muslims keep fast the entire month from dawn to the sunset. However, the Shiite Muslims break their fast after ten minutes of sunset, as they argue that the sunset completes after seven to ten minutes of the apparent disappearance of the sun. Somehow,

Different languages in the united states Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Different languages in the united states - Essay Example Spanish is ranked second after English, among spoken languages of United States. French comes third, and after these million of Americans speak  German, Italian, Chineese, Urdu, regularly.  There are two counties, where Navaho speakers are in highest concentration and Yupik speakers in one out of total thirty-five. US English Foundation Inc. reported 322 languages are spoken in the United States; among that English is the most common language. There are more than two Billions English speakers. Among all Americans, 96% are well versed with English. If languages are arranged alphabetically it starts from Abnaki to Zuni, whereas in order English, Spanish, French, Chinese, German is the most common language of United States. In numbers, it is found. Eight languages have a speaker more in 1 Million, 13 languages have a speaker in 0.5 Million and around 38 languages have a speaker in 0.1 Million. Furthermore, only English and Spanish are the languages spoken by +1 percent of total Amer ican population. California is the state where 207 different languages are spoken, whereas 169, 163, 145, 138,135,134, 132,130, and 129 different languages are spoken in New York, Washington, Texas, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Florida, Illinois, New Jersey and Arizon respectively. Wyoming is the state where fewest languages are spoken in United States ("Languages in America "). ... Urdu, Punjabi, Gujratic, Hindi, Iranian, and Greek languages are also placed in this category. 3. Asian and pacific Island languages Chinese; Korean; Japanese; Vietnamese; Hmong; Khmer; Lao; Thai; and Tagalog is put in Asian and P Island languages. Furthermore, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam; Philippine, Polynesian, and Micronesian are also placed in this division. 4. Others All other languages named above are grouped in this category.  Ã‚  Uralic languages (such as Hungarian), the Semitic languages (Arabic, Hebrew, etc.), languages of Africa, and N North, South and Central America, etc. are placed in this class. English, Spanish, French, German, Chinese, etc. is the most common immigrant language in the United States. English is the most common language of the United States. However, it is not the official language, instead of many recommendations of making English its native language.  Ã‚  American English is the title given to the diversity of English spoken in the United States; an d when it amalgamates with the Canadian English it makes up the group of languages known as North American English. Spanish is the second most spoken language in United States, because of rapid growth in their population, especially in the United States.  United States  is considered  as the  fifth largest population where Spanish is spoken. In all, 2,725 of the 3,141 counties (86.8 percent) in the United States had English and Spanish as their first and second most common languages – 2,690 with English first and Spanish second and 35 with Spanish first and English second. Frequency of Germany spoken is alternative to Spanish in the United States. It is the

WE can but should we Use of quick response codes in health care Research Paper

WE can but should we Use of quick response codes in health care - Research Paper Example In order for a first respondent to access an individual’s data on the bar code during an emergency, the smartphone or other enabled devices can be used to scan the bar code. Although this technology in health care might play a big role in emergency cases, there are various concerns such as privacy concerns, raised by its use, which might discourage most health care institutions and individuals from adopting it. The history of the quick response codes is traced in Japan. This is where the Japan-based company Denso Wave Corporation invented this technology, back in the year 1994. However, initially, this technology was not meant for or used in health care. Instead, the company invented this technology to help in tracking Toyota vehicles and vehicle parts, during the process of manufacturing. However, in the most years, packaging companies and consumer advertisers have been responsible for the infiltration of the quick response codes in the United States of America. Today, quick response codes are found on the internet, on mails from advertisers, on books, and on billboards. In this case, the bar codes have data about the advertised products and the company, as well as the URL’s of the company. Most recently, quick response codes have crossed the border from advertising and marketing industry to the health care sector. In health care, this technology is still new, therefore, has not been adopted by many health care institutions today. Knowledge of the technology and expertise still lacks, since this technology is still in its initial stage of implementation in the health care sector. For instance, in the United States of America today, only countable health care institutions have adopted this technology, and these

European Convention of Human Rights and UK law Essay

European Convention of Human Rights and UK law - Essay Example The various conflicts and revolutions in the world have shaped the concept of human rights as we know it. In the last two hundred and fifty years, we see the clamour for human rights as the clamour of a world and of the various peoples inside it for equality and freedom. The European Convention on Human Rights was crafted with the end in view of promoting and preserving these rights. In the ECHR, the writer has chosen Articles 10, which pertains to Freedom of Expression. It While the right to free speech and assembly is a crystallized principle that has been place almost since the beginning of time, enjoying a cherished position in the bill of rights of virtually all civilized legal systems, the interpretation of what constitutes free and protected speech still has yet to be perfectly refined. This provision has been invoked many times over in the course of history, whether within the European Union or outside, successfully and unsuccessfully; and Courts have had many opportunities to set standards and devise guidelines to determine if the speech in question should be protected or not. It becomes more difficult when the right to free speech competes with another principle, for example, the principle of public order. In "easy" cases, all that should be done is look through jurisprudence until one finds the applicable case with similar facts. In "hard" cases with novel facts, the role of the judge becomes infinitely more difficult. The boundaries are ever-shifting; and internally, the judge will be trying not only to apply the law, but to subject the facts of the case in question to her own subjective inquiry in order to determine intent or mens rea. Statement of the law Article 10 of the ECHR reads: 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. this right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises. 2. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or the rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. The United Kingdom law that will be examined in light of compatibilities and non-compatibilities are the Human Rights Act 1998, in particular the provision on the right to free expression and the right to privacy and the Public Order Act. The Human Rights Act 1998 received royal assent on November 9, 1998 and came into force on October 2, 2000. The objective of said Act was to harmonize the domestic law of the United Kingdom with the European Convention on Human Rights. To reaffirm the commitment of the UK to human rights and civil

High School Drinking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

High School Drinking - Research Paper Example The problems discussed here range from road accidents, academic problems, substance use, delinquency, employment problems in future, date rape, and family problems. It is evident that consumption of alcohol affects the lives of students in various ways and reduces their academic achievement through various mechanisms. The first issue is the impact of alcohol on brain. The short term bad effects of alcohol range from difficulty walking, blurred vision, slurred speech, slowed reaction times, and impaired memory. For students, the most important point is the impairment in memory caused by alcohol. It is reported in a study (cited in National Institute on Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism) among 772 college undergraduates that 51% students who drink feel blacking out and being not able to remember the things they did at some point in their lives. In addition to this loss of memory that will have a huge impact on the academic performance, there is the finding that alcohol can damage the brain areas responsible for learning and memory, verbal skills, and visual-spatial cognition.

Great Expectations--Parents Molding Children After Their Own Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great ExpectationsParents Molding Children After Their Own Expectations Essay Dickens’ Great Expectations portrays the lives of different people throughout various levels of society and how they all react to their own condition. The past is always haunting the characters’ lives and, in most cases, it even determines the course of their future existence. It is inevitable to see in the story how some characters, playing the role of parents, define the lives of others, especially children, causing indelible consequences. Thus parents must not mold children after their own purposes and expect them to be someone different from whom they truly desire to be. This is one of the major mistakes we see in the novel made by characters such as Miss Havisham and Magwitch, who pretend to outline the lives of others. Pip’s life has always been influenced and affected by various people. Some want the best for him and others the worst. His parents died since he was very young and this forced him to live with his aunt and uncle. The fact that he lived most of his life without his biological parents is important because it allowed other people to raise him up. Eventually, his life was completely transformed when someone decided to expect great things from him. First of all, we meet Mrs. Joe, an oppressive, unaffectionate, self-righteous woman who is always congratulating herself for having taken care of Pip and for being the only responsible one who â€Å"brought him up by hand† (Dickens 27). We could assume that this term refers to the difficulties she encounters as she fulfills the role of being a mother to Pip. It was not an easy job, especially because Mrs. Joe didn’t have any other children and so didn’t know what motherhood really was. It is very probable that Mrs. Joe was also beaten up as a child and brought up by hand. As a result she is doing the same thing with Pip instead of learning from the past and improving the next generation. Thus since the beginning of the novel Dickens shows us how some adults are molding children after their own purposes and bringing then up as they were once brought up. As Pip grew up the opportunity of going to Satis House opens a new chapter in his life. Mr. Pumblechook and Mrs. Joe decided for him due to the fact that they never asked him if he wanted to go. Once more we may see hoy the life of this child was determined and shaped by those around him. When he goes to Satis House, both the narrator and the reader, meet one of the most important characters of the story, Miss Havisham. She is a mad, vengeful, and wealthy dowager. We would expect from her a lavish lifestyle, but the truth is she lives in an ancient rotting mansion and wears an old wedding dress all the time. The reason for this is that her life is completely altered when she was rejected and abandoned by Compeyson on what should’ve been their wedding day. From that time on, Miss Havisham determines herself to remain in that depressive and melancholic state, and never go beyond her heartbreak. It is this unfortunate event in Miss Havisham’s life that ignites her evil desire of obtaining revenge from men. Thus when she adopts Estella the opportunity to fulfill her execrable purposes opens up. As a result, with obsessive cruelty, she takes care of Estella and raises her as a weapon to achieve her own personal revenge on men. She doesn’t care if Estella’s life is ruined or if she ends up breaking noble hearts, such as Pip’s. All she wants is to get even with men because of that one man who broke her heart. Yet is it moral for a parent to destroy his child’s life in this way? Is it correct for parents to decide what type of life their children should experience for the rest of their existence? Should parents desire to live out their own purposes in their children’s lives? We may see that Miss Havisham answered positively to all of these questions and ended up destroying her future and Estella’s. Likewise, Pip’s future is not determined by himself, but by someone else. When Mr. Jaggers arrives with the news that Pip has a benefactor who wants to make him a gentleman, all expectations change and Pip departs to build up his new life. However, he made several mistakes and misspent most of his money. As a result he entered into debt and began to live an unsustainable lifestyle. We can see that this is the effect of never being taught how to administer money and spent it correctly. Later on when Pip meets the convict, Magwitch, after a long period of time since the marshes, he realizes who his benefactor truly was. All those years Pip had thought that Miss Havisham was his benefactor in order for him to marry Estella. However, Pip discovers the truth through Magwitch and feels embarrassed of it. We can thus comprehend that Pip’s future is not a consequence of his own actions, but it is the result of someone else’s desire to make him a gentleman. What is fascinating is that the night Pip meets the convict again, he realizes who truly had great expectations for him. Magwitch declares, â€Å"Yes, Pip, dear boy, I’ve made a gentleman on you! It’s me wot has done itI own a gentleman†¦I’m your second father. You’re my son – more to me nor any son† (Dickens 293).

Consumer Buying Behavior of Hybrid Vehicles Essay Example for Free

Consumer Buying Behavior of Hybrid Vehicles Essay Introduction 1 Background of the Study With the air pollution level rising day by day caused by the emission from conventional vehicles, many government bodies have put in effort to enforce emission control policy since the late of 1960, and it is becoming strict with the EURO committee being the leader until today, where their emission policy and grading system being accepted or referenced worldwide even in Malaysia. The grading system based of emission cleanliness as of today is from Euro 1 to Euro 6, where Euro 1 being the worst emission standard and Euro 6 being the environmental friendly. This is the scene where most modern vehicles are fitted with catalytic converter since late 1975, a simple device that can reduce the harmful emission such as un-burn hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide by converting them into cleaner substances such as oxygen and hydrogen through chemical catalyst effect within (Tony Andrew, 2006). The effect of this is that the rise of the awareness of fuel efficiency, as many will further relate that if fuel efficiency can be increased, then the emission can be further improved, as well as to reduce wastage. Many automobile makers has since then began development of fuel efficient engine in order to make a stand, and consequently lead to the trend of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). 2 Problem Statement However, emission is only one environmental factor as there is other factor which bothers a driver financial aspect, the fuel and its prices. No matter the fuel is expensive and cheap, if one can travel further with a given set amount of fuel, then one can certainly save him/her some money (Tony Andrew, 2006). And back to the environmental area, fossil fuel is non-renewable energy resources and depletion is certainly inevitable. This is why in recent years, many western automobile makers started to look into building fuel efficient vehicles, by building fuel efficient engines through various ways, most notably by downsizing the engine displacement and compensate it with force induction such as low pressure turbocharger. The effect of this implementation is that using a smaller capacity engine but can achieve the power delivery of a high capacity engine, yet with lower fuel consumption. However back in the eastern automobile industry, where the Japanese being the leader they had something else in mind, not only they wanted fuel efficiency but at the same time they wished to maximize the go green concept. Henceforth they come up with the idea of hybrid vehicle, where in general terms a vehicle is powered by 2 sources of input, which is a normal internal combustion engine, supported by an additional electric motor which requires special battery pack. The advantages of this implementation is that the fuel consumption and emission is superior over the formal, while the drawback is the maintenance and cost of replacement for faulty battery pack is very expensive. With the hybrid being the hot trend now given the promising sales figures from European countries and the USA, generally the maintenance factor is not an issue for them, however in this research we need to find out the factors that influence a buyer into considering, buying a hybrid vehicle over here in Malaysia, as the hybrid trend is still very new here in Malaysia, generally starting on the year of 2006 where Honda introduces Civic Hybrid. However with the recent tax exemption on hybrid vehicles from the Malaysia government, the trend seems to be changing positively and now we have several models from Honda and Toyota to offer in response to the policy. 3 Research Objectives a) What are the factors that influence consumer into considering a hybrid vehicle? b) What are the factors that support consumer into buying a hybrid vehicle? c) What are the factors that consumer worries about when purchasing a hybrid vehicle? 4 Significance of the Study This study into the factors that affect the buying decision of hybrid vehicles in Malaysia could project the trend and acceptance of hybrid vehicles here in Malaysia. With that information, local automobile makers can consider into developing our own hybrid vehicles to offer the local markets a broader choice, as well as to stay competitive in the market. Additionally, this will be a good catalyst to spark off â€Å"Go Green† concept into consumers’ mind that is beneficial to the restoration and perseverance of the environment. 5 Scope of the Study In this research, we will first take a general look and introduction into both the low pressure force induction technology and the hybrid technology further then compare and contrast the pros and cons in detail. With both concept understood, we will begin to focus on the trend of hybrid vehicles here in Malaysia, finding out the factors that support or deter the acceptance of hybrid vehicle through questionnaire aimed at hybrid owners and potential hybrid owners, from then we can know what are the main factors and concern of buyer upon making a decision for a hybrid vehicle, and then conclude what can be done to further increase the acceptance level of hybrid vehicles. Literature Review According to Markel Simpson (2006), the implementation of hybrid electric vehicles can effectively reduce petroleum consumption up to 30% when compared to conventional vehicle, however a fully plug-in hybrid electric vehicle shall be undergo development to further improve the savings and reduce the wastage, as current hybrid electric vehicles uses electric motor powered by battery pack to assist the engine, which is costly when one needs to replace, and it did not provide much desired power. The manufacturer can of course put in a bigger battery pack to punch out better power and durability, but with every 15% of improvement the cost is nearly doubled. This issue is also mentioned before way back in year 2001, where the development of hybrid vehicles began with the aim in providing a superior fuel efficiency vehicles with minimal wastage and pollutants emitted, in prior to address two major problems (Allella et al, 2001): a) Consumption of fuel : World petroleum reserves and residues are unlikely able to sustain against the ever growing necessity of consumption b) Pollution : Generally referred to the harmful emission that can damage the environmental health. The most common hybrid vehicle design is found within the famous Japanese automobile makers, respectively the Honda the Toyota. The idea is to fit an electric motor powered by a battery pack that will recharge itself using the lost energy during the braking procedure, to assist a smaller capacity conventional engine in acceleration. With the motor assistant, the engine need not work and rev up that hard to get the vehicle moving therefore fuel consumption can be lowered. When certain conditions are met, the vehicles may also run solely on the electric motor itself most probably during low speed cruising. Putting the vehicle design aside, as stated by Kuo Wang (2011), the disciplinary in driving, as well as the climate is major factor in reducing fuel consumption. Kuo Wang pointed out that in countries that have tropical climate, such as those near to the equator, tend to have higher fuel consumption index compared to other countries with 4 seasons climate, this is mainly due to the fact that fuel burns better and more efficient when the air temperature is colder, as colder air is more dense and henceforth carries more oxygen molecules. Other than that, since the temperature is generally high throughout the year for tropical climate countries, drivers tend to switch on the air-conditioner (A/C) most of the time to withstand the hot weather, and A/C draws power from the engine to power up the compressor and cooling coil, therefore it results in loss of power from engine and leads to higher fuel consumption. On the disciplinary side, traveling below or way above the optimum speed of a vehicle, usually around 90KM/H to 110KM/H will affect the fuel consumption, where most drivers tend to speed when the chances arise. One should also try to plan their traveling route ahead, in order to avoid unnecessary traffic congestion which can result in poor fuel consumption, as start-stop driving proven to have 60% increased fuel consumption compared to smooth non-stop driving. This is generally experienced by most drivers that they can achieve better mileage if they travel on the highway often. Research Methodology 1 Theoretical Framework [pic] 2 Generation of Hypothesis Assume that a) H0 = Null Hypothesis (No relationship between IV DV) b) H1 = Alternative Hypothesis (Significant relationship between IV DV) |H1 |H0 – There is no relationship between maintenance and purchase decision of hybrid vehicles. | | |H1 – There is significant relationship between maintenance and purchase decision of hybrid vehicles. | |H2 |H0 – There is no relationship between fuel consumption and purchase decision of hybrid vehicles. | | |H1 – There is significant relationship between fuel consumption and purchase decision of hybrid vehicles. | |H3 |H0 – There is no relationship between tax exemption and purchase decision of hybrid vehicles. | | |H1 – There is significant relationship between tax exemption and purchase decision of hybrid vehicles. | |H4 |H0 – There is no relationship between personal view and purchase decision of hybrid vehicles. | | |H1 – There is significant relationship between personal view and purchase decision of hybrid vehicles. | Conclusion In conclusion, no matter it is partial hybrid or fully plug-in hybrid, the main objectives are to prolong the sustainability of petroleum through improved fuel consumption. By going green, the hybrid technology can also help in reducing wastage and guarantee cleaner emission that can contribute to better environmental health and quality. Therefore with all the benefits and savings, we should try to adopt and embrace the implementation of hybrid vehicles. However, there is still room for improvement given the hybrid technology is still new within a decade of time. Government should come out with policy that can help greatly in promoting the adaptation of this green technology. Reference: 1) Allella et al, (2001), Negative Log-gamma Distribution for Data Uncertainty Modeling in Reliability Analysis of Complex System Methodology and Robustness, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Vol. 18, Napoli, Italy. 2) Allela et al, (2005), Optimal Reliability Allocation Under Uncertain Conditions With Application to Hybrid Vehicle Design [Online], International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Vol. 22, Napoli, Italy. Available from (www. emeraldinsight. com/0265-671X. htm) [Accessed June 6 2011] 3) Apaydin O. Gonullu MT, (2008), Emission Control With Route Optimization In Solid Waste Collection Process, Vol. 33, Sadhana. 4) Davis S. Diegel S, (2004), Transportation Energy Databook, 24th Edition. 5) Duval M, (2004), Advanced Batteries for Electric Drive Vehicles, EPRI. 6) Hirsch et al, (2005), Peaking of World Oil Production: Impracts, Risks, and Mitigation. 7) Kuo Y. Wang CC, (2011), Optimizing the VRP by Minimizing Fuel Consumption [Online], International Journal of Management of Environmental Quality, Vol. 22. Available from (www. emeraldinsight. com/1477-7835. htm) [Accessed 8 June 2011] 8) Markel T. Simpson A, (2005), Energy Storage Considerations for Grid-Charged Hybrid Electric Vehicles, IEEE Vehicular Technologies Conference, Chicago, IL. 9) Markel T. Simpson A, (2006), Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage System Design [Online], National Renewable Energy Laboratory, available from (http://www. nrel. gov/vehiclesandfuels/vsa/pdfs/39614. pdf) [Accessed 8 June 2011].

Marketing plan of Tata Nano for UK market

Marketing plan of Tata Nano for UK market Tata is one of the biggest automobile manufacturer in India. Last year they have launch Nano which is the cheapest private car in the world. It is around Rs 1,000,000 which is  £1452.53 approx. Mr Ratan the chairman of Tata Ltd announced Nano model which a common middle class Indian can afford it easily and they called it as the Peoples Car. Nano was launched India 1st April, 2009. It was expected to be on road in July of the same year. It created a buzz in 2008 when it was first shown in an auto exhibition. People were so excited on the launching that on the first day of booking it received 5500 booking. The question arises, what makes Nano so affordable and cheap? Answer to this question Tata made it parts lighter, smaller, took all the shallow parts and changed without compromising the safety and fulfilment of environmental factors. According to Windecker (2005) these situation gives an emphasis the power of society of different cultures. In which low price cars have given high first choice over luxury, SUVs and sports cars. The latest trend has shown that low price cars are more in demand than the others even in the markets like US and UK. The Tata should be focus on the UK market. The reason behind selecting UK market as the primary target market is the status of India as a reasonable means in the market; UK Automobile market has the potential dynamics, potentials and communication similarities which are due to help an Indian company in the UK. The other potential markets that are to be considered are USA and Russia. USA is one of the largest markets in the world countries but th e reason for not considering US market as preferential is because quality requirements are very high and some non tariff obstacles which make it slightly harder for a new competitor to go into this market. The other reason is because the markets level of maturity, experience and competive pressure is quite high. On the other hand in Russian market, there were several factors high taxes on the new competitor etc which do not support an international company like Tata. This reason makes it less eye-catching than the UK market. The main being the development of the country is quiet tentative and dealers market is underdeveloped. The three models Tata Nano available in the market. Tata Nano, Tata Nano CX and Tata Nano LX. All the parts of the models of Nano will be imported to United Kingdom by Tata Industries. The car can be assembled by the factories in Halewood and in Northwest England. Tata Motors already have dealers in East Kent Audi in Kent and White May fair Audi in Greater London. Tata can distribute Tata Nano cars through these distribution centres only. 2.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS: Tata Motors Limited is arguably Indias largest automobile Company; it has revenues of over Rs. 1600 crores last year. Its Commercial vehicles are largest selling vehicles, and also it is ranked in top three in the passenger vehicles segment. Few of Tata vehicles also won the prizes in last three years. Another large announcement was made by Tata regarding their progress in the passenger vehicle segment. In January 2008 Tata announced that, The company would release a $2,500 car that could replace the motor scooters commonly used in developing countries to car around whole families (Carty, USA Today). The company is fourth largest truck and the second largest bus manufacturer in the world. Tata Motors also acquired Fords UK based car brands Jaguar and Land Rover in March 2008(BBC News, 2008). Ratan Naval Tata (Chairman of Tata Group), insist the need for an innovation like Nano is because of the nature of the market and transport of the country. In India availability and quality of mass transport are major problems. The two seated motorcycle is normally considered to be a family vehicle in India, Even though motorcycles are quite dangerous mode of transporting for a family. So with this in mind Tata Nano was created as a safer form of transport. (Pradeep Thakur, 2009) 3.0 Market Summary : The estimated number of cars on the road of United Kingdom more than 28 million, as per the survey more than 35% of the car on the road are low price vehicles. The price of such low price cars are estimated about say  £4500 to  £ 4812, which is almost 3 times higher than the price of TATA Nano.( Svend Hollensen, 2010) 3.1 Target Markets Identifying the target market for launching any product is necessary. So Tata have recognise the lower income group with family, students, first time buyers mainly young population, and used cars buyers as their potential target market. 3.2Positioning The greatest USP of Tata Nano is that it is the worlds cheapest car while being eco friendly as well. The company have not compromise the quality and safety of the car while making it cheapest car. By leveraging Tata Nanos competitive edge the positioning of the product can be achieved: industries Tata Motor who has been in vehicles industries (commercial, passengers utilities) since 1945 is already an experience player in the automobile market. Tata motor has good relationship with more than 100 components suppliers( Jagmohan Raju, 2010). 3.3 Geographics Tata Motors has targeted the urban area market such as London. Because according to the survey more than 60% of cars running in London are in lower price range. Secondary, the presence of Asian Community in London, Tata is a renowned name in automobile sector in India. That can play the fact that the market Tata is entering is not entirely new and it already have brand recognition. 3.4 Distribution review Tata Nano will be positioned as an affordable car in overseas markets same as it was done in Indian market.. The car will be assembled at pre-defined locations as the Easy to assemble kit will be imported from India. The proposed locations are Northwest England and Halewood. Its redistribution to showrooms can be done on regional basis. More than 40 sales offices will be opened throughout United Kingdom. 3.5 Competitor review The main competitors are Volkwagen, Renault, Peugeot, Toyota, BMW, Citroen, Ford, GM (Vauxhall), and Honda. As per the SMMT statistics, top Companies in selling cars in United kingdom are as follows: 4.0 SWOT Analysis: 4.1 Strengths: The first and foremost strength is that the car has low price, stylish, high fuel efficiency and environment friendly (Green House). Tata as company is already a known brand in the world which can create enough brand awareness in people to consider the product. The response of the car was very heart warming in the country of launch which increase the company turn over as well as the trading profit. Weakness The main weakness of the product is lack of luxury quality. And mere perception of the people because of the price of the product. The sophisticated buyer will feel that the product is not worth buying because of its price. The product is not technologically advance and the performance is average in compare to its competitors. 4.3 Opportunities: The product is relatively new. So in this case it can create an opportunity to Tata. As Nano is a nice specimen of Innovation. This is also an opportunity to the company to enhance its global presence. The market demand of lower price cars can also be an opportunity for the company launching the cheapest car in the world. 4.4 Threats: The major threat will be the competitors like Ford and GM. Their product Ka and Astra respectively are already major players in the market. The volatility of fuel price can also be seen as a major threat. The change of legislations and foreign policies can also affect the plan of Tata. The other threat face by the company can be the oil crisis, recession etc. 5.0 Pestle Analysis: 5.1 Political: According to Hormazd sorabjee, a top indian car journalist, Tata Nano is the most eco friendly and politically acceptable car ever launched in the market. It is expected that Nano will pressurize the automobile industry globally for have direct model in its price range. Other automobile manufacturers like Volkswagen have already shown interest by announcing their plans for a model of lower price range. But the cost will be slightly more when the factors like tax and manufacturing costs will be taken into account. The market will be surely affected by the increase in the oil price due the global economic unsteadiness which can also be a major factor. Any increase in the oil prices will affect the sales of luxury car, as it will surely go down. Mintel in 2006 stated because of this issue, an increase in the level demand has been developed towards the car with smaller engine with fuel effieciency. According to KPMG, 2004 Administrative barriers which quality controls and operations requ irements are not to be overlooked and a higher emphasis will be given to all safety measures and emission level which will result in increase in production costs. Because of which profit margin on the product will decrease. Mintel, 2006 stated that the increase of traffic on the road of UK can increase the threat of high capacity overload. Hill in 2002 stated in his article that the political relations between countries of operations can also be the factor which can affect the company. For example if India will cooperate with the UK within the government policy of favourability the UK government can leverage in tariff and non-tariff barriers which can make the entry for the company in UK market easier. The foreign ownership regulations (The market expansion mode (Hill, 2002) the government has remove some regulatory control from large numbers of industries which includes automobile as well. This means that it is up to the foreign companies to choose their mode of expansion the UK according to their preferences. 5.2 Economic: Strategies of pricing and potential profit on investment are the major issues that affect the current as well as the future market growth. These factor are to be considered while selecting a market. The UK market is viewed as a very mature market (Mintel, 2006). According to the present scenario the market is estimated to reach the value of  £31billions. But the overall UK market is experiencing negative growth due to the maturity level of the consumers. Nevertheless due to the impact of certain factors like society and technology the car segments with lower price range have considerable growth prospects. Mintel (2006) claims that there is a significant decrease in the confidence of new cars consumers. The decrease in the rate of GBP has created various confusion for manufactures consumers operating in pounds. The cost of labour in the automobile industry highlighted, the cost factor and capability of direct and indirect costs becomes one of the key issues in maintain advantage. According to the opinion of the industry specialists (KPMG, 2004), the issue that will influence the decision selecting the location the most is the cost of labour. According to the survey (KPMG, 2007), a major importance is given by the company on the cost of labour which can is describe cost of their retirement fund, healthcare and their legal services. The growth of present political and economic boundaries for example European Union, all European Union markets are now considered as a single EU market. This political policy can help Tata motors for entering in various European markets like Italy and France According to estimations of Nieuwenhuis Wells (2003) the European Union attracts the companies as the target market for a car manufacturer will remain high. They claim that the EU as a target market will be maintained to attract the manufacturers because of the increase of its market value and size. 5.3 Social Factors: Demographic factor is one of most important social factors. It affects the risk taking nature, spending power, consumer trends, lifestyle, and value per customer. The change of demographic trends allows the company to construct a plan which suites the particular product. The current demographics have gradually weakened the sales of family cars in the UK. Lifestyles The change of lifestyles and habits of the consumer can have a direct impact on their expenditures; Mintel (2006) also pointed out that in UK recent increase in the culture of having two or more cars in the family. Mintel (2006) adds that the negative effect of market development and increase in the prices of oil is challenge by the impact of change in the lifestyle of the masses. Thus, on the contrary, Tata Nano will experience healthy growth despite a fall in the sales of automobile in the UK. Because our target market will be the high population of students and female drivers in the country, 5.4 Technological Factors: The doors for new transactional options are open by the rapid growth of Internet in the market. Currimbhoy (2004) suggests that because of the constant growth in the areas of technology, like in the fields of communication and digital technologies have formed new opportunities such as e-shopping, new channels for marketing and new tools of marketing research. According to Mintel (2006) the problem in increase in capacity can be tackled by the using e-shopping by the leading car distributors. The growth in the channels of e-exchange between agents will be able to benefit the supply chain strategy of the company. 5.5 Environmental Factors: As per the UK market, Tata Nano is made environmental friendly, Tata also has exceeds measures for regulating standards on safety and pollution. The aim is to make Nano an eco-friendly car for the masses. As per the UK standards the car has been modified by replacing the seatbelts, glass, light, tyres and engine. Speed in miles, Indian road are on klilometre. Accordint to Data monitor, 2006b the car subjected to undertake government official crash tests and is also has to undergo an overall inspection. Then only the car is given approval for sale. After these all inspections the price of the car is expected to increase (Datamonitor, 2006b) 6.0Porters Five Forces: 6.1 Competitors bargaining power: The UK is highly consolidated automobile market. The competition is between Ford, GM (Vauxhall), BMW, Volkwagen, Peugeot, Toyota, Renault, Citroen and Honda. Because of presence of powerful and establish competitors a requirement of product differentiation has been created. According to Mintel (2006) the tough competition in the market introduces a significant price pressure and requires increasing overall promotional costs. The manufacturers had to close certain plants to cut the costs and survive on the market because of the present market conditon. At the moment, the major competitive strategies are new product development, an improvement in supply chain and above all serving the needs of emerging market segments (Mintel, 2006). The emerging requirements demands extremely high level of responsiveness towards operational. 6.2 Buyers bargaining power: In the UK market the buyers experience very strong bargaining power because the intensity competition on the global scale is high and overcapacity issue UK is always on the rise. According to Mintel (2006) A high level of bargain seeking behaviour is shown by the buyers. 6.3 Suppliers bargaining power: Even though Automobile manufacturers have consolidated forming large entities they do not make a significant shift of bargaining power in OEM-suppliers relations. According to Veloso Kumar (2002) a consolidation of different supplier groups is gaining because of the OEM sector. The sections like demand chain partners and large car dealers are experiencing bargaining power because of the overcapacity. 6.4 Threat of substitutes: Apart from direct competition from public transport, the major competition for automobiles are other transport services like taxis. One of the major substitute threats are the second hand cars market.According to Mintel (2006) the steady accumulation of second-hand cars has become one of the major reasons of the dramatic fall of the sales of new cars. 6.5 Threat of New Entrant: The threat of new entrant is minimises because the level of entry barriers like conlosidated industry, RD capability and well developed value added chain are quite high. Nevertheless, because the industry is much globalised, the concept of new entrant is not that clear-cut, new geographical markets are entered by existing manufacturers. Datamonitor (2006) also states that there is not enough measures introduce by EU countries to protect the market if the Chinese manufacturers tried to flood EU markets in the future. 7.0 Marketing Mix Strategy: 7.1 Product Review: There are three variants in the Nano range: Nano, Nano CX and Nano LX Only the Nano CX variant would be introduced in the UK Market for the first stage Tata Nano LX will introduced in the UK Market during the following year The car has achieved its low price by minimizing costs on unnecessary luxuries, the basic Nano comes without front and rear fog lights, with a heater or air conditioning, with anti-lock brakes, only one single windscreen wiper, manually operated windows, manual steering with no air bags, tiny 12 wheels, plastic body parts joined with adhesive instead of more conventional metal and welding and a two cylinder 623 cc engine that provides a massive maximum speed of 65 mph (around 105 km/h). Among the features of the car are: 7.1.1 Stylish and comfortable The design for Nano is made designed by taking a family in mind, has a roomy passenger compartment with generous leg space and head room. It can comfortably adjust four persons. Four doors with high seating position make the people to have more leg and head room. Yet with a length of 3.1 metres, width of 1.5 metres and a height of 1.6 metres, with adequate ground clearance, it can effortlessly manoeuvre on busy roads in cities as well as in rural areas. Its mono-volume design, with wheels at the corners and the power train at the rear, enables it to uniquely combine both space and manoeuvrability, which will set a benchmark among small cars (Pradeep Thakur,2009). 7.1.2 Fuel-efficient engine Nano has a rear-wheel drive, all aluminium, two-cylinder, 523 cc, 33 PS, multi point fuel injection petrol engine. Two-cylinder gasoline engine with a single balancer shaft is used for the first time in any car. The design helps the car to minimise weight, which results in maximising performance for consumed energy and delivers high fuel efficiency. The electronic engine management system controls the performance of the car. 7.1.3 Meets all safety requirements The current regulatory requirements are all taken in consideration in the case of Nano. Nano actually exceeds all safety measures. It has a strong passenger compartment because of an all sheet-metal body, seats belts, intrusion-resistant doors, crumple zones and strong seats. 7.1.4 Environment-friendly Tata motors are known for manufacturing eco friendly in Indian Market. Nano is not different it has tailpipe emission performance exceeds regulatory requirements. Nano has a lower pollution level in comparison to all two-wheelers being manufactured in UK today. The car has low carbon dioxide emissions because of the high emission, thereby benefiting in two an affordable transportation solution with a low carbon footprint. 7.2 Branding By help of branding the consumer can identify manufacturer of a product and them to send the feed of the products performance to the concern manufacturer or distributor. Branding creates a different identity in the products and services from the other. The main task of branding strategies is to convince the consumers that there is a meaningful difference among brands in the product category. In the case Tata Nano, corporate name is combined with products name for the sake of branding. Tata is fourth largest heavy vehicle manufacturer in the world, and it is a good strategies to cash in the brand value of the manufacturer. 7.3 Product Strategy The Tata Nano CX model will be first introduced with a 3 years warranty. The next Tata Nano LX model will be introduced in the following year, because Tata as a brand will be established by then. For all marketing campaigns the brand and logo will be displayed everywhere and on the car as well. 7.4 Pricing Strategies The Cost price is an estimated GBP 2, 420 or equivalent to INR 174,903, which includes import tax, sales tax, duties excise assembly cost and shipment costs. The prices show a strategy by which shares can be taken from more settled competitors. 7.4.1 Setting the price selecting price objectives Major three objectives of Tata should be for an effort to position itself in the UK Automotive market. The objectives are: Survival, maximum current profit and maximum market share. 7.5 Survival Intense competition from UK second car manufacturer, Perodua for a share of the automotive market segment for the below 1,000 cc category will act as an incentive fot Tata Nano. It will ensure that the car covers variable costs as well as some fixed costs. Survival in the case of Nano is a short term objective as in the long run. 7.6 Maximum current profit Tata in UK will set a price that will maximize current profits, cash flow and return on investment, after taking into consideration the demand and costs involved. Because the category of small foreign cars has not been really tested by other manufacturers, therefore the demand is rather difficult to estimate but Tata Nano for having a good response towards its entry into the UK market. 7.7 Maximum Market Share Tata is set to launch low price for a new car in order to attract a maximum number of buyers and a large market share by will implementing the market-penetration pricing in the UK. The cost can be decrease by achieving high volume of sales. This will allow the company to further decrease the price of the product. In the UK car market the low price prodices more market growth, this show the high sensitivity of the market. Tata is also confident that as sales increases the production and distribution costs will also fall. By this Nano will help to keep out competition and maintain its low-price position. The low-price entry will provide all Perodua consumers to have a best alternative. 8.0 PROMOTION STRATEGIES 8.1 Objectives of Promotion Strategies Before determine the promotion strategies, we need to very clear about what are the objectives we need to achieve. We know as above, our missions are to promote Tata nano in a UK and increase the sales quarterly. Tata Nano is very new for UK, they feel fresh with this new brand and concept of this car. Tata Nano will get into market in 2010. Brand awareness and concept/knowledge of this new car should be the companys first and foremost objective for promotion. Tata Nano burst into the worldwide market in the short time because of being so cheap. The advertisement and organize the event or campaign in sufficient detail to establish the good brand attitudes should be done properly because Tata is still new to UK market. For creating a strong brand equity awareness of brand is very important. The second objective should be persuasion through the medium of knowledge. The comparison between Nano and other cars which are more expensive and are not afforded by everyone can approve to be a good marketing tool for Tata Nano. Besides that the scheme of 30 days money return guarantee will also be introduced for the promotional purpose We can also have a 3 years free maintenance scheme for Tata Nano like other major car manufacturers 8.2 Advertising Program The main aim is to inform UK market that Nano is the cheapest car in the world. Create an understanding in the consumer to buy Tata Nano not just because its cheap but also its safe, useful, all in good quality and also environment friendly by developing an advertising program. 8.3 Online Advertisement The online advertisement should the first step taken by the company. Tata Nano already created a Web site www.tatanano.com on March 2009 for a good communication with the concern consumer. In the Web site, all the details of the car and company with images and videos are provided to customers. This can be a good strategy to bring the consumers close to the histpry of the company so that they can be more satisfied. In addition to images and videos, the website also has a links which shows the public feedback of Nano. Besides that, Blogs have become an important for searching any major information you require. Blogs is best place where people of same interest can discuss their issues and concern. By establishing a blog network a company can easily monitor the feedback and even can look for the potential new consumer. Blogs and Internet are at present the best and cheapest way pf creating brand awareness globaly. 8.5 Television Advertisement Television is expensive mode of advertisement but its ia also very powerful as product is fully explained and secondly the product get an image by exposing it to television. Tata can show Nanos attributes and persuasively explaining their corresponding consumer benefits. The company should lower advertising budget and should only air the advertisement on national channel between 7 to 11 pm. A good advertisement always creates a need in the consumer mind which increases brand equity as well as improve sales. 8.4 Newspaper Advertisement Beside the television, most of the UK reads newspaper every day because of the fact there are around 10 newspaper companies circulating it for free. So this can be a good mode for market coverage in a big city like London. Newspaper advertising is also not so expensive. 9.0 Channel of Distribution Strategies 9.1 Direct marketing channel (zero-level channel) Manufacturer Customers Tata Nano in UK can sold directly to its concern customers. By visiting the sales office or any special event the customer deal directly with the companies dealers for booking. Besides that, there should be a 24X7 customer care centre from where customers can get all the information they want for booking a new Tata Nano and there should be a 24 hrs attendant on the website who can chat live with the customers and give information about the product. These all ideas can help us eliminating the middle men from the chain which will surely decrease the variable costs. 9.2 Physical Flow Transporters, Warehouses Tata Motor at India Assembly Workshop At UK Customers From the diagram, we can understand that as per the basis of demand the car will send in parts from India and will b assembled in the workshop in the UK can know. The final step is to send the product direct for the customer collection. 9.3 Payment Flow Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Banks Customers Banks Customers can have two option of paying the bills either by cash or by bank. Because of this diagram the customer will be pay less because the cost of commission of the middle men like retailer and franchise are not included in the flow chart. It is also good for the Tata Motor because the payment will be collected more efficiently. 9.4 Information Flow Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Customers Informations like product, price development and so on can be given direatly by Tata motors to their customers. And by the help of various services like response calls and mailings or through internet blog, Tata can identify the need of the customers. The complaints of the customers have to be dealt directly. So that customer will be fully satisfied at the end of the day. 9.5 Promotion Flow Marketing Campaign/Event Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Customers Media Have two ways of promotion flow, directly and indirectly. Directly is well organize the marketing campaign, event and road show. By this way, well promote Tatanano to target market by face by face and provide the opportunities to them try to drive the Tatanano. Indirect ways are we will do the advertisement through media such as internet, TV, radio and also newspaper. By this promotion flow, Tata Motor aims to create brand awareness and increase the sales in the UK. 10.0 Financial Plan The overview of the Tata motors will be done in this section. The major financial aspect like expense forecast, sale forecast, break even analysis and their relation to the market strategy are included in the section. 10.1 Break even analysis Break even analysis indicates that 3369 unit or  £ 28,615,563 will be required in monthly sales revenue to reach the breakeven point. Table: Break Even Analysis Break even analysis : Monthly unit break even 3369 Monthly sales break even  £ 28,615,563 Monthly unit production 6083 Average per unit revenue  £8,492 Average per unit variable cost  £5,550 Average per unit fixed cost  £1,630.11 Estimated monthly fixed cost  £9,916,915 10.2 Sales forecast Sale was done with adjustment of seasonal factor and is on quarterly basis. Graduation month was used as seasonal factor to adjust our forecasted sales because our primary targets are the graduation students. There is an increase of 10% sales annually according to the forecast, graph given below represent the sale forecast. Figure : Sales Forecast 10.3 Marketing Expense Forecast Marketing expense forecast provides an indication about when our marketing plan has to be modified and it also keep marketing department focused toward their goal. Advertisement, marketing campaign, direct marketing and other are all the major categories in which the expensed are tracked down. The marketing budgeting is quite necessary for most of the companies from it affect the total sale of the quarter. In 2010 Tata motors believe that marketing expense will not be more than 4 percent of total sales. 11.0 IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL The idea behind the marketing plan of Tata Nano is to show the current standing of the company. The performance of the company can be improved by observing following areas of the company: Monthly and annual revenue of the company Monthly and annual expenses of the company Satisfaction of the customers A 10 percent growth in the annual sales of the company 11.1 Marketing Organization The main responsibility of a marketing manager should be taking control of all marketing activities. Marketing manager will designate all the promotional and advertising responsibilities to his juniors. Sales performance will be the responsibility of the sale manager. The entire department will be work under the guidance of marketing director 11.2 Contingency plan: Difficulties and risks: One of the difficulties that will be face by the company

Dialogue †Bitter Breakup :: Dialogue Conversation Essays

Dialogue – Bitter Breakup Oh, hi, honey... No, no, I'm fine, I was just expecting to get your machine. Aren't you usually at, like, hockey practice around now? Oh, right, you quit hockey to help with your dad's business. I forgot. Heh. No, I don't remember what you and Todd were talking about at lunch. Yeah, I'm sorry I wasn't paying much attention; my mind was thinking about something else. What? Oh, I don't know, I was probably thinking about a conversation I had with Natasha today. Sweetheart, I... What? Yeah, I totally hate Mr. Simmons, too. It is unfair that he only gave your essay 85%, but come on, I worked my ass off on my essay, and I only got 70% on it. And your topic wasn't all that interesting, to be honest. I mean, "Romeo and Juliet: A Tragedy of Unawareness"? More like a tragedy of Leo; how many movies does that marvelous creature have to die in? Anyway, I think that my essay was much more thought out: "Homeless People Are People, Too." I put a lot of work into it; I even made references to an article I read in People. Oh, I can hardly wait to go to New York this summer. The Empire State building, the Statue of Liberty, the Sears tower... What? Oh, that's sweet... Oh, yes, of course I'll miss you, too. I'm sorry, my mind must have drifted for a second. Yes, school is keeping me really busy. Can we talk for a second? Okay, I know we're already talking, but I mean seriously. Not just small talk. I mean it. Please? Okay, thanks. Um, well... It's that... Idon'tthinkweshouldseeeachotheranymore. I said, "I don't think we should see each other anymore." Because we're just different people. I know it sounds lame, but -- Don't be upset, we are different. And I've tried to deal with it; I really have. But you seem to think that you can just live your life without any responsibility, disrupt my life, my schoolwork, and my relationships with other people and --No, I don't mean other guys, I meant my friends and family, you idiot... I didn't mean that. I didn't, you're just not letting me finish. Can I finish? Thank you. It's just that you don't seem to think you need to put any work into this relationship. You think that I'll do everything and we'll be fine.

Ronald Reagan, Reagan by Lou Cannon Essay -- essays research papers

Cannon, Lou. Reagan. New York: Putnam, 1982. Lou Cannon has covered Ronald Reagan for thirty-six years, first as a reporter for the San Jose Mercury News, later as the White House correspondent for the Washington Post. He began with covering Reagan's first campaign for governor of California in 1966 and continued until Reagan's recent death in 2004. His other books on Reagan include Ronnie and Jesse: A Political Odyssey, Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio, President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime, Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power, and several others. After following and working closely with Reagan, Cannon forms an obvious relationship and opinion of him. Cannon admits that he "like(s) and respect(s) Ronald Reagan while remaining skeptical that his actions will achieve the results he intends," (Cannon, 1981, 15). Cannon writes that he was at first skeptical of Reagan's abilities to perform as president; specifically with foreign policy and his economic theories. However, Cannon argues that Reagan's presidency may mirror his governorship, "he started ineptly but soon evolved into a competent governor who was willing to sacrifice ideology for political achievement," (Cannon, 1981, 15). Because this book was written during Regan's first year as president, Cannon is unable to record complete evidence to support his own theory, although he accomplishes this in his following books about President Reagan. Cannon, an obvious conservative supporter of Reagan, includes criticisms and shortcomings of Reagan as well a s praise. Cannon does not let his personal relationship skew his writings and has thus become known as Reagan's definitive biographer. Cannon's mission to provide an in depth biography of the nation's fortieth president and his ability to lead, begins by tracing Reagan's origins, his hopes and dreams, fears, achievements and failures. Cannon provides the reader with insight to Reagan's childhood and adolescent years and attempts to explain the beginnings of Reagan's motivations, optimism and determination. Cannon argues that much of Reagan's optimism, determination and political motivation spur from living through the Depression. Reagan sees the Depression as a national tragedy, not a personal one, and forever becomes enthralled with Presi... ...f Reagan's life including those listed previously. Reagan offers an insight into the former president's life and presidency prior to 1982. It is well written, providing colorful anecdotes which keep the reader's interest. The personal stories give vivid insight into Reagan's childhood, young adult life and early political career. Although intended to support the idea that Reagan was prepared and qualified for the presidency, Reagan is comprised of over four hundred pages describing Reagan as ill-equipped for the job. Cannon's overcompensation for detachment contradicts his argument that," He (Reagan) belonged in the White House. He had every right to dream heroic dreams," (Cannon, 1981, 411). Though the book is well researched and organized its evidence overwhelms its conclusion. Reference: Cannon, Lou. Reagan. New York: Putnam, 1982. Cooke, Allistair, "Reagan." Review of Reagan, by Lou Cannon. New Yorker, March 14, 1983, 148. Wilkie, Curtis, "Reagan," Review of Reagan, by Lou Cannon. New York Times Book Review, October 3, 1982.

A Taxonomy of Moral Realism Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Papers

A Taxonomy of Moral Realism ABSTRACT: The realist dispute in ethics has wide implications for moral ontology, epistemology, and semantics. Common opinion holds that this debate goes to the heart of the phenomenology of moral values and affects the way in which we understand the nature of moral value, moral disagreement, and moral reflection. But it has not been clearly demonstrated what is involved in moral realist theory. I provide a framework which distinguishes three different versions of the theory while at the same time showing the interrelations between them. I also demonstrate how issues such as objectivity, cognitivism, and truth can be related into the discussion by means of this framework. Since morality exercises a deep influence over the way we live our lives, it is easy to appreciate why the question — whether the subject is, or can be, objective — has been, and remains a central preoccupation amongst moral philosophers. Any answer to this most fundamental problem of moral philosophy has a direct bearing on how we do ethics, and more crucially, on the prospects we have for improving our present efforts. It is my purpose in this essay to examine one dominant strategy in offering an affirmative answer to this question. The history of ethics exhibits many different approaches at securing an objectivist ethics. Besides traditional theistic-based approaches, there have been attempts which seek to establish some objective foundation (usually in practical reason or human interest) that is independent of, but which can be used to generate, or involve, an ethical outlook. Another less direct approach has taken the form of attempts at elaborating points of advantageous comparison between ethics and some other discip... ...t will be argued that the moral realist insists that the only route to logical objectivity in ethics is via the metaphysical objectivity of moral values and properties. The metaphysical objectivity of ethical values becomes a necessary condition for logical objectivity in ethics according to the realists. Supervenience and Reductionism But what is meant by the metaphysical objectivity of ethical values? I suggest that realists have generally interpreted this idea in terms of two dependency relations — supervenience and reductivism. I will explicate what is involved with each relation and use this distinction to map out two modern versions of moral realism — supervenient moral realism which relies on truth-conditional semantics and the philosophy of the later Wittgenstein, and reductive moral realism which relies on reductive naturalism and scientific realism.

Cultural Diversity and China Essay

Cultural diversity is a substantial part of the business assembly in the world today. The ability to interact with people from the western world to the eastern world has been made easily accessible through the use of technology. The means by which we communicate has made the transferring of information faster and less personal. However still to this day the most direct, effective and personal way to communicate with others is face-to-face communication (Varner, 2008). This process allows for the interaction of differing cultures; to process information, understand each other to collaborate on business opportunities. The mergence of cultures in business is a process, which needs to be thoughtfully entered upon. If an assumption were made that all people communicate by nature through processing information in the same way, there would be no effective communication, as this is not the case. People process communication on different levels and because of this we need to be made more culturally aware in how we interact. An action may be perceived very differently when presented to two people of differing cultures. To maximize business relations between cultures it is in the best interests to better understand the historic diversity of a culture. The history of a culture plays an integral roll in the traditions, actions and thought patterns of many people. When you understand the history of a culture, you can better understand the reasoning behind business practices and processes they use. Preparation is a key component to any success; cultural awareness can also be successfully accomplished with preparation. Chinese business etiquette is a high context environment and as far as appearance, behavior and how they communicate is very different then those of a low context culture. In China your professional appearance is very important. For the purposes of business, men usually wear very casual suits with neutral colors. The women in China usually do not show of much of their body, short skirts, high-heeled shoes and dresses should not be worn in the business setting. The Chinese will usually be offended if a woman shows off too much of her body. Jeans are not acceptable to business meetings either but they may be worn in casual settings. The Chinese behavior between business relations is very different from low context cultures. The Chinese people keep business relationships separate from friendships. When you are introduced to s Chinese businessperson it is important to avoid a lot of hand movements, this is believed to offend people and can found as obnoxious and disturbing. Eye contact or starring into person’s eyes is also not accepted and viewed as an impolite act when conversing. The most accepted way of greeting or making contact with a Chinese person is to make sure they give their hand first and shake hands firmly but not shaking too much. Bowing is also widely accepted to introduce oneself or shaking your head up and down is a regular greeting custom. Chinese people do not express themselves with hand movements in conversation, and they do not point, or talk with their hands. This behavior can observed as aggressive and not a socially acceptable behavior (Ricks, 2000). When meeting a Chinese businessperson it is important to keep introductions formal. The use of formal titles is the proper method of addressing someone. The Chinese believe in ranking and seniority and addressing someone informally without their professional title is seen as disrespectful. When address a person using his or her family name only, such as Mr. Chen or Ms. Hsu. The Chinese family name comes first and is usually one syllable. A one or a two-syllable given name follows a family name (Alder, 2001). For business purposes, it is traditionally acceptable to call a Chinese person by the surname, together with a title, such as â€Å"Director Wang† or â€Å"Chairman Li.† Avoid using someone’s given name unless you have known him or her for a long period of time. Formality is a sign of respect, and it is advisable to clarify how you will address someone very early in a relationship, generally during your first meeting. ( In China, it is assumed that the first person that enters the room is the head of the group. Westerners should observe this convention so as not to confuse the Chinese. Important guests are usually escorted to their seats. If the meeting room has a large central table, the principal guest is likely to be seated directly opposite the principal host. Time is also a very important aspect of business in China. Being on time is important and arriving late to a business meeting in China is a sign of disrespect. Therefore arranging appointments while conducting business to show the Chinese people you are professional and are respectful. Once the meeting is over it is proper form to allow the Chinese to leave the meeting first as this is a sign of respect for the other person. When exchanging business cards, hold out your card using both hands with the writing facing the recipient. Cards should always be exchanged individually (one-on-one). The action of tossing or dealing your business card across the table is considered extremely rude. To prevent an awkward situation it is recommended receive a business card with both hands and scan it immediately for vital information. It is demeaning to put someone’s card directly into your pocket without looking at it first. (Alder, 2001). A person should never write on a business card or directly put it in your wallet or pocket. It is an essential item in China custom to carry a small business card case to maintain business contacts. These differences mentioned can be observed as regular business practices in China. It is recommended that following proper form of etiquette in business to be successful when interacting with people from diverse cultures. One of the most important aspects of becoming culturally aware is to remember the history behind why a culture operates in particular manner. The high context culture of China is an extremely proud group of people. They place a high value on honor, morals, seniority and respect. The foundation of the operations of business is stemmed from these historic values. Having a foundation of historic education of a culture will help in the transition from one culture to the next. It is known that a large percentage of communication is transferred through the passing of verbal and non-verbal factors, the interpretation of these cues can play a factor in how varying cultures process these cues. (Varner, 2008). To adapt seamlessly to a culture would be best completed by gaining a sense of cultural awareness of others beliefs and customs. Preparation, knowledge and understanding of others practices will bring forth a better chance of being respected in China. The importance of cultural intelligence plays an integral roll of the success of doing business in China. Being aware of the forms and cultural differences through being open to difference will allow for successful communication between opposite cultures. References Alder, Nancy J. International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior. Fourth Edition, South-Western College Publishing 2001. Ricks, David A. Blunders in International Business, Blackwell Publishers; 3rd edition, January 2000.

Perception Essay Essay

When we look at something, are we all seeing the same thing? Perception is the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses. It is the way in which something is regarded and understood. Metaphysicians, Logicians, Political and Social philosophers have thought about perception since the beginning of history. We all perceive; our sensual organs discern information the way they are designed to however, do we see differently because we all interpret what we see differently? One of the major senses is sight. This sense allows us to see by simply reflecting light onto one of our organs. The complex part however is the decoding of the information that is reflected. Our minds interpret the light that is reflected and turn it into information for us to sense our environment. It can be argued that the processed information is not always true. One example of this idea of flawed information would be the Rubin’s Vase form, which was developed by Edgar Rubin, a Danish psychologist. The visual effect generally presents the viewer with two shape interpretations, each of which is consistent with the image. The viewer is meant to see two images; one being two humans facing each other and the other is a vase. This form is an illusion and is created by the mind. The fact that there are two images seen to us does not mean that one of them has to be wrong. There is no wrong or right, it is just how our brains interpret the information. It can be considered that these interpretations are affected by our lifestyles and societies. Interpretation of the same image also changes from person to person. If looked on a bigger scale, these changes are affected from differences in cultures and paradigms. Color is also a major variable in testing perception after illusions. Do we see colors differently? One of BBC’s most fascinating shows: â€Å"Do You See What I See† explores this question. In the English language, there are distinct words to describe specific colors. â€Å"Green† and â€Å"Blue† describe specifically the wavelengths received by our eyes, color is after all just waves. 2 circles made up of 5 green squares on the left side, and 4 green squares and 1 blue square on the right. When the same image was shown to villagers from northern Namibia, they couldn’t pick out the blue square on the right however, picked out the  slightly different green colored square on the left. Any kind of conclusion can be made from this research. For example, because of less vegetation in Namibia, the habitants have a more fragile sense of color when it comes to green. They can differentiate very easily. Further research shows that there are many other factors affecting color perception including peoples’ moods, memories and feelings. Everybody sees the same wavelength but every individual sees a different color. Emotions also play a vital part in creating a perception. When we are filled with our emotions, we tend to be out of control of things. We always think that what we believe is always right no matter what the circumstances are. One great example of such behavior is the emotion of love. When we are deeply in love with a particular person, our understanding of happiness changes into only being oriented around them. The same thing goes for if we dislike somebody. Everything they do annoys us. This is generally referred to as â€Å"Emotions taking over†. The senses are accompanied by other senses to further prove that something is correct. A person sees a yellow pencil inside a glass of water. The pencil is curved and it is therefore perceived by that person that it is that way. However when the person removes the pencil from the water by touching it, it is understood that the pencil was not curved after all. This is a common allegory used by philosophers to explain how senses are used together to perceive. The person touches the pencil in order to feel its texture and therefore disprove his interpretation through sight. Other senses such as hearing, smelling and tasting are also used in accompaniment to seeing. It can be reasoned that people use different sense with sight and end up seeing something else in accordance to someone else. In conclusion every person’s skill to see is the same. Every person has the ability to receive light and process it into information however; the decoding of this information is different in each and every human being. Illusions show us something that is not there or alters the image we see. Our minds process it in the most useful way for us to perceive. As other sight related perceptions, it can be debated that every person sees  illusions differently according to what they have learned over their life. This is closely related to the way our societies are built. Our minds and our perception are affected by our teachings from our societies. What we see and what we perceive is rendered in order of usefulness to our environment and us. Emotion is also majorly related to perception. It can be debated whether our perception affects our emotions or whether our emotions affect our perceptions, however it obvious that our emotions play a vital part in what we see.

The Conelly’s bond with Roan Inish

The film directed by John Sayles; The Secret of Roan Inish is a captivating story about an Irish family; The Coneelly’s. The family’s bond to the island of Roan Inish and the seals that reside nearby is exceptional and mystifying. Why are the Coneelly’s so drawn to the island? The family’s roots on Roan Inish start far back with Fiona’s great great great grandfather Sean Michael who arrives on the island on a prayer. Another Coneelly; Liam, solidifies the connection to Irish island through his marriage to Nula. Finally the loss of Fiona’s brother Jaime at Roan Inish keeps the island on the mind of the family almost constantly. The Coneelly’s attachment to the Island of Roan Inish is firmly rooted by several factors. One of the most important factors of this revolves around the oldest known member of the family, Sean Michael. Sean Michael was aboard a fishing vessel that capsized; drowning all of the Coneelly fishermen on board except Sean Michael. As the legend tells it; Sean Michael had such a strong soul the sea would not take him. Seals rescued Sean Michael and took him to the island of Roan Inish; where he colonized and single handedly rebuilt the Coneelly family. Another pivotal member of the family is Liam. On the island everyone is family and when it comes time to find a mate the men leave Roan Inish to find their bride. Young Liam indeed left the island to find his bride; on an island not far away he came across a selkie; a half woman, half seal creature. As the legend tells it a man who is able to keep the skin of a seklie will have her affection forever. Liam took that advice seriously and captured the skin; and then rightfully gained her affection. They eventually bore children. Their love of the sea was constant; Nula even suggested they build a cradle for their newborn from wood that once sailed the sea. This cradle was passed down through the Coneelly family for years to come and used as a bassinet for each new Coneelly family member. Eventually Nula comes to realize Liam has been keeping her seal skin; at this point she returns to the sea but the seals always seem to stay close to the island of Roan Inish. Once Nula returns to the sea the Coneelly’s ban the hunting of seals. This is a solid symbolic bond between the Island, Seals and the Family. Finally the last important factor for the family connection to the island is that of young Jaime, Fiona’s brother. After Fiona is told the story about Jaime’s disappearance she becomes obsessed with the idea that Jaime is alive. Fiona makes two trips to Roan Inish before convincing the other family members Jamie exists. On the first trip she is brought to the island by Hugh. Fiona spends a fair amount of time on the island and then spies Jamie in a field. She tries to summon Jamie but he runs away, gets into the family bassinet which he is using as a boat and drifts away. On Fiona’s second trip to the island her boat mysteriously becomes untied from the dock. The boat seems to be lead to the island by way of the Seals. Fiona sees Jamie again and confirms that he is being cared for by the seals. This is another paramount symbol of a strong connection between the Coneelly family and the island. The bond between the Coneelly family and Roan Inish is steadfast and strong. Their ties between the seals and the island run deep. Sean Michael’s colonization of the island starts the great tie between the family, island and seals. Liam’s marriage Nula strengthens the relationship with the seals and symbolizes the connection between the two. The seals overseeing and caring for Jamie after the Coneelly’s left the island proves that the seals and family are one. Theese clues demonstrates that the Coneelly family belongs on the Island of Roan Inish where the seals and family can live together.